With the imminent signature of Manuel Ugarte to PSG, the Uruguayan midfielder has been a hot topic of conversation amongst the Parisian community. Unless you've already been following Sporting CP or the Primeira Liga these past couple of seasons, many of us will have been unfamiliar with the player expected to join PSG this coming transfer window. Thankfully, CulturePSG's latest podcast did a great cover of the player's profile in large part due to this week's guest Jordan, a French fan of Sporting CP. Since many fans on this subreddit are not necessarily fluent in French, I took it upon myself to create a few bullet points paraphrasing and/or summarizing some important information regarding Ugarte.

• Manuel Ugarte is a midfielder in a role variant between a 6 and an 8. He alternated roles with his midfield partner Hidemasa Morita in a dual pivot in Sporting CP's 3-4-3 formation. Ugarte is not a prototypical sentinel who sits in front of his defense similarly to Casemiro or Grzegorz Krychowiak. Yet he is categorized as a defensive midfielder for his ability to harass opposition and regain possession either high up on the pitch or while chasing down the ball-carrier in a counter-attack. His defensive profile is more akin to mobile defensive box-to-box players such as Idrissa Gueye or N'Golo Kanté who able to cover most of the pitch.
• At his arrival, the midfield pair of João Mário and Palhinha is dislodged when the former leaves for Benfica and is replaced by Matheus Nunes. With a departure of Palhinha seemingly improbable, Ugarte arrives at Sporting CP as his substitute. He spends the first half of his first season on the bench, but when Palhinha is injured for a period of 3 weeks to a month, Ugarte inserts himself very well as his replacement and very quickly develops an effective partnership with Matheus Nunes. Reassured by his performances, Sporting CP is comfortable in letting Palhinha to Fulham that following summer and Ugarte becomes a starter alongside Morita who replaces Matheus Nunes, gone to Wolverhampton. He shines in a mostly disappointed Sporting CP side where Jordan places him in his top 3 of best performers over the season, if not the best performer.
• Jordan alludes to Ugarte's pressing and tackling abilities as referential, there are very few players with that level of defensive technique and those players are already priced out. For 60 million euros, PSG secures an expert in the art of recovering the ball in a market with very low supply of that profile. In a side that has spent an entire season leaving opposition midfielders run completely unopposed, Ugarte presents himself as an invaluable asset to close this gap and allow the team to play higher without being so vulnerable to counter-attacks.
• His ability to cover the pitch is reminiscent of former PSG midfielder Blaise Matuidi although Ugarte does not provide the same lung-bursting forward runs the French international. He runs effectively and not without aim, as his number of duels completed and his number of duels won put him amongst the elite this past season. This includes very few aerial duel which the player does not seem particular prone to.
• Despite his superb defensive technique, he picks up a moderate amount of calculated yellow cards. This is mostly due to tactical fouls committed to end dangerous counter-attacks.
• With a famelic number of goals and assists, Ugarte should not be expected to participate significantly in offensive phases. When he regains possession and eliminates his opponent, he seems content laying it off to his more creative partner or to the nearest option depending on the situation. He makes very few progressive passes and carries, reducing his role in build-up plays.
• However this does not mean that he lacks technical skills to fit into PSG's system. Ugarte is very effective at shielding the ball under pressure, and can retain possession after a regaining the ball against multiple opponents until he is able to pass it off. He makes good use of his body orientation when receiving the ball and while he may not create defensive splitting passes, he can be considered a safe option to recycle possession (unlike Gueye who was often targeted successfully by opposition presses when he received the ball).
• There are no alarming injuries regarding his physical condition.
• In regards to the possible arrival of Julian Nagelsmann at PSG's helm, Ugarte's profile corresponds to the German coach's expectations: a player with a high volume of defensive runs who is able to come back and bring balance in transition, fits into a central dual pivot and can replicate the roles of Tyler Adams/Konrad Laimer at RB Leipzig or Sebastian Rudy at Hoffenheim. His ability to cover the pitch subscribes entirely to the German playing philosophy of Gegenpress. Another player likeness was made with Leon Goretzka with the notable differences that Ugarte exceeds the German's defensive contributions and Goretzka has a presence in the opposition box that Ugarte will never have.

Although this was to supposed be an excerpt from this week's podcast, I can concede that the length of the post may be not be concise enough to keep the attention of the reader. Let me know if I should keep it more brief as I may write a similar post for Marco Asensio who was also a profiled in the podcast by another guest, Ryan Chase, a French Real Madrid fan (although the analyis was much more sober). Cheers!

On Friday's episode, special guest Molly made a quip that the Chicago Walgreens having only two customer-accessible aisles of merchandise might just be a story "about the complete end of civilization," going as far as to say that she "doesn't want to sound hyperbolic."
(see 8:23) https://archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20230603_030000_Gutfeld/start/1380/end/1440
Surprisingly, it was Greg who piped up with "remember, you're on Fox News. That's level-3. We can actually move it up."
That's on the heels of this little gem from earlier in the week:
(8:31) https://archive.org/details/FOXNEWSW_20230531_030000_Gutfeld/start/1860/end/1920
"So, what does the writer mean by wishing for more kink in kids' movies? Well, much like what happened to Chris Wallace, nobody really knows." Tyrus, of course, chimed in with a timely-as-ever "never over" quip.
I love this show.

Link - https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/05/us/politics/robert-f-kennedy-jr-twitter-2024.html * archive - https://archive.ph/A5rY4
For more than two hours, Mr. Kennedy participated in an online audio chat on Twitter with the platform’s increasingly rightward-leaning chief executive, Elon Musk. They engaged in a friendly back-and-forth with the likes of Tulsi Gabbard, the former Democratic congresswoman turned right-wing commentator; a top donor to Gov. Ron DeSantis of Florida; and a professional surfer who became a prominent voice casting doubt on coronavirus vaccines. ....
On Monday, he sounded like a candidate far more at ease in the mushrooming Republican presidential contest.
He said he planned to travel to the Mexican border this week to “try to formulate policies that will seal the border permanently,” called for the federal government to consider the war in Ukraine from the perspective of Russians and said pharmaceutical drugs were responsible for the rise of mass shootings in America. ....
Asked during the discussion by David Sacks, a top DeSantis donor who is also close to Mr. Musk, “what happened to the Democratic Party,” Mr. Kennedy spent nine uninterrupted minutes attacking Mr. Biden as a warmonger and claimed that their party was under the control of the pharmaceutical industry. ...
On Monday, Mr. Kennedy repeated a host of false statements, among them:

• He said that after the Affordable Care Act of 2010, “Democrats were getting more money from pharma than Republicans.” An analysis by STAT News found that political action committees with ties to pharmaceutical companies gave more money to Republicans than Democrats in 14 out of 16 election years since 1990.
• He claimed, without evidence, that “Covid was clearly a bioweapons problem.” American intelligence agencies do not believe there is any evidence indicating that is the case.
• And as he blamed psychiatric drug use for the rise of gun violence in the United States, he contended that the gun ownership rate in the U.S. was similar to that of Switzerland. The United States had the highest civilian gun ownership rate in the world, at an estimated 120.5 firearms per 100 people, according the latest international Small Arms Survey. That was more than double the rate of the second-highest country, Yemen at 52.8, and much higher than Switzerland’s 27.6.

Unpacking the Light Police. Light Pollution News.
Show Link: https://lightpollutionnews.com/podcast/unpacking-the-light-police/
Subscribe: Apple Podcast Spotify Google Podcast
Social: Instagram LinkedIn
Guests:
John Barentine of Dark Sky Consulting, LLC.
Kaitlyn Evans, Conservationist.
Show:
I was busted by the light police. They had a point, Dana Milbank of the Washington Post.
Dana Milbank purchased a home in, soon to be not, rural Virginia. At night he kept the formerly vacant property lit to the degree that spurned one commentator to call it “spaceship lighting.”
Milbank recaps being visited by the “light police,” a group of concerned citizens who help educate neighbors and instill a sense of pride in the brilliance of their starry night skies.
At first, he was taken aback, but later, not only did he appreciate their efforts, but he also converted his blinding always on, white light flood lights to warm 2700 Kelvin motion sensing lights.
Per Ruskin Hartley, executive director of the International Dark Sky Association, “for 4.5 billion years there was no artificial light at night. It’s really only in the last five human generations that we transformed that. It’s one of the most profound transformations of our environment.”
Many of you may recall an earlier story, way back in our Hormone of Darkness episode, showcasing concerns by local residents prior to a 760 house (now 761) plus town center development moving into the Culpepper County, VA area. Per the Rappahannock News, this development features “a resort style swimming pool, clubhouse, tot lot, and multiple sports fields and sports courts, all connected by a network of biking and walking trails.”
The forgotten medieval habit of ‘two sleeps’ by Zaria Gorvett of the BBC.
Gorvett opened my eyes to something I never knew about, the medieval custom of two sleeps. For those of you unaware, two sleeps are exactly what it sounds like.
Folks would partake in a communal nap, complete with rigid sleeping arrangement conventions, between 9 – 11pm, then awaken for a few hours to do everything from hang out to brew beer! In fact, the idea of multiple sleeps crossed cultures and was found in places as far from Europe as indigenous South America.
How can one’s circadian rhythm make sense of all of this?!
Well, for starters, until the invention of the alarm clock, which humorously was invented by a clocks salesman so he could wake up and sell more clocks, people had no firm way to wake up at a consistent time. The industrial revolution enforced a new circadian standard.
And there’s some science behind this! In the 1992 study, In Short Photoperiods, human sleep is biphasic, researcher Thomas Wehr found that after four weeks of 10 hour days, his subjects began to engage in this two sleep cycle, involving a one to three hour period for which they became awake and engaged in between.
Want to Learn About Light Pollution? There’s a mini-course for that!, Jennifer Sensiba of Clean Technica.
Quoting Sensiba, “As I got older, I traveled a lot more and saw the problem more for what it is. Not only did I see that in many places there is no refuge from it, but I also saw that it was slowly growing worse. Places that had been dark 30 years ago had more and more light creeping upon the horizon.”
If you’re interested in learning more, or more importantly, know someone who might benefit from learning more, Sensiba links up to an International Dark Sky Mini-Course on light pollution, call it Light Pollution 101!
There’s a Play Date at the National Museum of Natural History: Lights Out exhibit!
But unfortunately, by the time you listen to this, and hell, by the time we talk about this, it has passed.
Ann Arbor named best place for sunrises, sunsets in Michigan. Sarah Parlette for Click on Detroit.
Evidently gambling websites have decided to honor April’s International Dark Sky week in a strange new content marketing campaign, which was to rank the best places in each state to see sunrises and sunsets. My favorite one, “Ann Arbor named best place for sunrises, sunsets in Michigan,” comes from Click on Detroit, whereby a quote “study” examined Michigan’s most populated cities.”
According to Click on Detroit, “to celebrate International Astrology Day on Saturday, staff at Great Lake Stakes, a Michigan online gambling news site, looked at light pollution in the five most populated cities around the Mitten state to determine which offers the best views every morning and evening.”
Star bathing is the new outdoor travel trend we should all be trying for Summer 2023, according to Amy Beecham at Stylist.
Evidently, as an attempt to destress and promote mindfulness, romanticism about sleeping under the stars has birthed a 70% increase in searches for the term ‘star bathing’ on Hipcamp. And to be sure, “Hipcamp recommends checking a stargazing calendar which outlines major astrological events – like supermoons, pink moons, and star showers.”
“Industry Must Face an Inconvenient Truth — Most LED Lights at Night are Unhealthy”
Dr. Martin Moore-Ede, a circadian clock expert, recently published an article in LEDs Magazine chastising the lighting industry for not recognizing and reigning in the negative externalities of its products. Per the piece, such effects are, obesity, diabetes, depression, cancer, and more.
He cites three categories of industry responses, making the correlation that long term Denial or outright Ignorance of the Facts, may result in “asbestos-scale liabilities or draconian regulations.”
Per the piece, a recent survey by the Circadian Light Research Center of 2,697 peer reviewed scientific articles confirmed that human circadian clocks are highly sensitive to blue wavelengths, and that exposure to such wavelengths leads to major health disorders.
Moore-Ede calls for the industry to harvest the “commercial opportunity” to greatly limit future liability by creating and managing its own standards for circadian modulated lighting.
Unpacking the Wallpack, by Dan Weissman in LD+A Magazine.
Weissman, who recently purchased a telescope for his family in Cambridge, MA, discovered that the scope could only afford him views of some solar system objects and a few brightly burning stars.
The ire of Weissman’s pen takes the shape of a rectangular fixtures, be it box like or simply a panel these days, that typically hang off the side of an exterior wall or above an exterior door. “Devoid of aesthetic value” this light is often put up under the “pretense of security and safety” by “recommended practices and adopted municipal codes.”
Weissman recognizes labels that often accompany, what he calls, “Glare bombs,” including “contractor-select,” “energy efficient,” or “light pollution friendly.”
Further, per an earlier LD+A article, such lighting driven by its extreme contrasts is exceedingly common in minority communities where light is weaponized as a tool of power. It becomes a “device of alienation, creating a zone of control and separation.”
Weissman recognizes that the true reason such fixtures are selected often comes down to cost. He recognizes that it may take equally as much cost to persuade building and homeowners away from such lighting into the realm of more responsible, lower lumen, shielded lighting.
Weissman calls for producers of these glare bombs to be labeled as polluters, putting them in line with fossil fuel manufacturers and PFAS makers.
Songbirds, dusk and clear skies: Scientists explore migratory flights, by Erin Blakemore.
Bird migration season is ending here in the Mid-Atlantic. I was lucky enough to catch several Baltimore Orioles and Indigo Buntings last week. Researchers looked at 400 songbirds from 9 major species, “including the yellow-rump warbler, American redstart and Bicknell’s thrush.”
The question they hoped to answer was how are these birds so darn precise in identifying the best time to take off for their nightly migration? Scientists found that 90% of the migrating birds in the study took off within 69 minutes of dusk. A “much narrower takeoff window,” that even shocked the research team!
Per the study, taking off at night is all about maximum flight time. In addition to being able to precisely schedule their take offs, a feat that every airline I’ve flown with over the past few years has proven inept at, birds also are apparently good meteorologists! They often depart when the atmospheric pressure rises over a day’s span. Other factors also trigger migration, including sex, age, and celestial cues.
‘Lights Out’ initiative appears to be saving birds from crashing into Philly buildings by Sophia Schmidt.
Preliminary results indicate that bird death counts are down 70% at one Market Street tower, since it began its participation in Lights Out. As we spoke about on a previous show, birds utilize the stars to navigate, but city lights can disorient the birds. Combine the lights with reflective or transparent glass, and that spells fatal trouble for our migrating warblers!
Per Keith Russell, a program manager for urban conservation with Audubon Mid-Atlantic, “We’ve lost almost a third of our birds – and [collisions] contributing to that. If we’re going to want to preserve the bird populations here in North America, we have to look at these types of problems. And this is a preventable one.”
The Knoxville, TN Zoo is offering up what they call “Twilight Tours” per WVLT 8. Each event will feature a guide to showcase nocturnal critters.
I did something similar in Singapore years ago. The zoo had very dim lights in the exhibits – and they kept those lights dim as you walked so that you didn’t lose your night vision. It was a very different and, might I say, peaceful experience than the typically chaotic daytime zoo.
Flashlights posing major threat to nesting sea turtles. Fox35 Orlando
Apparently, a single flashlight can deter female sea turtles from coming onto a beach and nesting. Florida, as I did not know, is home to 90% of the sea turtle nests across the world, so losing sea turtles can affect the global ecosystem.
One visitor to Cocoa Beach stated, “Just leave them alone. Stand back and look. You don’t need a flashlight.”
Another, “It’s not super surprising because more buildings go up, more technology. As it increases, nature and stuff like that decreases,” said Zoe Jovaag, whose grandfather used to take her on walks to see sea turtles.
Capture the Dark 2023 officially is under way!
The International Dark Sky Association opens up its annual photo contest complete with prizes across eight categories and an additional People’s Choice category. Voting begins on July 3rd, entries must be received by June 30th.
City Tests Traffic Light That Only Turns Green for Drivers Who Obey the Speed Limit. Erin Marquis for Jalopnik.
And hey, you better not speed in Brossard, Quebec….otherwise you may be waiting around for a while. Brossard is testing out a new traffic light that will stay red until it senses oncoming traffic. However, it will only change to green if the car is going the speed limit. Per the Jalopnik article, “FRED [the French acronym for “educational traffic calming light] forces fast drivers to stop and gives them a chance to reconsider their life choices.” Such lights are already used in Europe, but this will be the first for the Great White North.
Why the Greatest Threat to Star-Gazing Isn’t Light Pollution, and this comes to us from Dorin Elin Urrutia at Inverse.
Elin Urrutia writes, in her compelling piece, that the greatest threat to star-gazing is actually the weather. Citing notable examples of the Mount Stromlo Observatory in Australia (which burnt down due to bushfires) and the Arecibo Observatory in Puerto Rico (which sustained structural damage following the winds of Hurricane Maria).
While the threat of human-caused climate change has presented new challenges, Elin Urrutia references proactive burns that saved Los Angeles’ Mount Wilson Observatory from flames in 2020.
On a similar note, ABC News (the Australian Broadcasting Company, not to be confused with the American Broadcasting Company), brings us “A World Without Darkness Could Be a Reality within a Few Years.”
Per Carol Redford of Astrotourism Western Australia, “There are some people in the world now who don’t actually experience darkness anymore. They’re in a city like Beijing, Toyoko, or London. In all those big cities, it’s never dark, it’s always light. During the day of course with the sun, but then during the night with all of the artificial light. They’re not experiencing darkness, and definitely not seeing those beautiful stars…”
In the 66 years since the implementation of the UN Convention on the Peaceful Use of Outerspace, around 11,000 satellites orbit the Earth. But it’s about to get wayyy busier. Driven by innovations that have led to dramatic reductions in costs, over the next ten years, Per attorney Steven Freeland, it’s anticipated that somewhere between 100,000 to 500,000 objects will be sent up. Let me pause on that for a second.
On the travel front, we stay in the land down under, “Aussie region determined to keep its darkness is a stargazer’s dream” by Chantelle Francis of News.com.AU.
The town of Swam Reach, population 270, resides in a 3200sq km region of Southern Australia that received its International Dark Sky Reserve status over three years ago. On a scale of darkness between 0 – 22, the River Murray Dark Sky Reserve at Swam Reach, measures in at a whopping 21.9!
Tourism has become a growing business. The reserve hosts numerous telescope pads and offers tours of the night sky. There’s hope that an observatory and/or planetarium may also arrive in due course.
Best smart lights for outdoors in 2023, Brittney Vincent of CBS Essentials.
Oh there’s a lot not to love here, but it does fall in line with last month’s ‘Lumens are Coming’ article.
For those of you who feel the need to light your trees, because for some reason they need light at night I guess…I’ll try and pretend it’s not solely for ostentatious and narcissistic reasons. By the way, does anyone remember when those were negative characteristics?
The article features spotlights that can be programmed to over 16 MILLION colors including…lucky for us, ALL shades of white….which you can also do for a 500 lumen flood light set.
And hey, Ring now has solar path lighting. Don’t worry though, the fixtures themselves put out up to 80 lumens of sideways light.
You know, it’s astounding when you look at some of these pictures. The amount of redundant lighting. It honestly makes no sense to me. You have a porch light, which lights up the path. Path lighting, which lights up the path. And, in the one picture, god awful frontward facing flood lights, which also light up the path. How bright do you need these paths!? I digress. But the lumens are indeed coming.
LDS Church will get to light up its Heber Valley Temple after all, but the faith didn’t get everything it wanted, Blake Apgar of the Salt Lake Tribune.
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints fought hard to rid itself of any nighttime lighting responsibility by pressuring Wasatch County, Utah officials to approve new lighting rules that would enable the church to light a proposed new temple the same way it does for every other temple.
The Church received permission to uplight the temple, enabling an exception to be made in Wasatch’s rather stringent nighttime lighting rulebook. However, the temple will be restricted by the level of lumens it can use, and it must have exterior lighting turned off an hour after sunset or an hour after normal business hours.
Smart Street Lights Market is Expected to Hit USD 14,751.1 million at a 23.4% CAGR by 2030, Market Research Future Press Release
The pandemic is officially over, smart street lighting is about to boom. Combine the rush to LED fixtures with the Internet of Things, and expect to see street lights moonlighting as traffic and parking monitors, air quality meters, and more. Not to mention, “it is anticipated that camera-connected smart street lighting will increase road safety by lowering the likelihood of accidents and criminality.”
Texas now has 7 dark sky communities for spectacular star gazing, Sana Ameer, MRT.
Let’s cheer on the city of Bee Cave, everyone! Bee Cave joins a growing list of dark sky places already in the Lone Star State, including 2 Dark Sky Sanctuaries, 5 Dark Sky Parks, and 1 Dark Sky Reserve. Nighttime is alive and well in some parts of Texas!
Our Afraid of the Dark article is a bit scary! Hilton Head’s dark roads and pedestrians are deadly combo. What the town is doing about it, Blake Douglas at The Island Packet.
Per the article, 9 pedestrian and cyclist fatalities occurred since 2018, with five occurring after dark. Prior to that period, there were 28 recorded deaths from 2000 – 2016, with 20 of them taking place after dark.
In 2018, an 11 year old resident was struck and killed while walking her dog across an intersection one night. Lighting advocates began taking shape in what otherwise is a very conservation focused island. Hilton Head, SC has a limited number of street lights, priding itself on “avoiding light pollution and blending nature with construction.”
Lighting advocates appear to be, at the very least, asking for flashing crosswalk lights on the island to indicate when an individual is crossing.
It should be noted that the article shows a chart of 9 after-dark-deaths since 2014, only two of them occurred at crosswalks. In fact, during the same time frame, 6 additional deaths occurred at crosswalks during the daytime.
As a whole, the National Safety Council reports that 74.5% of pedestrian deaths occurred at night, whereby 39.1% took place in lit areas and 35.38% took place in unlit areas.
Bryan Bloch, an auto safety expert, surmises that car companies bear some of the blame – producing cheap or ineffectual headlight fixtures, and drivers themselves, who don’t realize that they need to regularly clean their headlight lenses.
Despite opposition from residents, it appears that Hilton Head will be receiving lights at two new intersections and possibly more depending on engineering studies currently in progress.
Is lighting the key variable here? Is more light going to solve pedestrian deaths?
Our featured research article of the month comes to us from Animal Conservation, “Manipulating spectra of artificial light affects movement patterns of bats along ecological corridors.”
Bats are already known to have a wide range of responses to artificial light at night (also known as ALAN). Fast flying species tend to be more opportunistic in the presence of ALAN while slower ones tend to be more light averse. We know that “long wavelengths and reduced intensity” can minimize their environmental effects on bats. It’s not unheard of for bats to travel upwards of “tens of km per night.” Furthermore, bats are very dependent on the landscape and the structures within those landscapes.
Despite the nuances between species, the consensus is that ALAN, especially high intensity ALAN, negatively affects bats. This study attempted to answer what exactly bats do when they encounter ALAN – how do they react depending on different types of ALAN.
The study used three different light fixtures – one green, one red, and one white. The control was devoid of light fixtures. The researchers attempted to ascertain the behavior of bats as they encountered lights adjacent to woody areas. The researchers looked at three different bat groupings based on their foraging-echo location behavior, that being one of open field foraging, forest edge foraging, and narrow space – or more aptly forest foragers.
Researchers found that open and edge foraging bats increased their activity close to white and green lights, and to a lesser extent red lights. However, narrow space bats were more likely to veer away from all colors of lighting. Edge foragers were also less likely to cross a white light.
The positive effects of white and green light on open and edge foraging bats appear to be attributed to the accumulation of insects around light sources containing more blue light.
The nighttime sky over Oahu will be lit up with green lasers in the coming days. Here’s why. Hawaii News Now
Before we close up today, do you live in Hawaii? I know I wish I did!
If so, do you recall seeing green lasers streak across the night sky? Well, the Army Corps of Engineers was using lidar at night to complete a coastal mapping survey.
Why did they survey at night? Specifically, why did they do this between midnight to 5am? Simply b/c the airspace is so busy, that time was the only chance they had to complete the survey. The remaining survey was completed during daytime hours.

Governor tweets ‘You small, pathetic man … Kidnapping charges?’, directed at DeSantis after migrants left outside Sacramento church
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/2023/jun/05/california-florida-migrants-sacramento
California’s Democratic governor, Gavin Newsom, on Monday branded his rightwing Republican Florida counterpart, Ron DeSantis, a “small, pathetic man”, and appeared to threaten kidnapping charges for an episode in which a group of migrants was dumped at a Sacramento church.
Rob Bonta, California’s attorney general, said in a statement that 16 South Americans abandoned outside the Roman Catholic Diocese of Sacramento on Friday were “in possession of documentation purporting to be from the state of Florida”, and may have been duped into boarding charter flights via New Mexico after entering the US in Texas.
The episode has parallels to what critics called a similar “soulless” stunt orchestrated by DeSantis last year in which his administration abandoned several dozen mostly Venezuelan migrants in Martha’s Vineyard.
Newsom, in a tweet posted Monday lunchtime directed at DeSantis, said: “You small, pathetic man. This isn’t Martha’s Vineyard. Kidnapping charges?” and linked to a section of California’s penal code stating anybody who “abducts or takes by force or fraud” a person found within the state “is guilty of kidnapping”.
Bonta, meanwhile, also said Florida was guilty of “state-sanctioned kidnapping” if it was found to be behind the flights, which the documents reportedly show were operated by the Vertol Systems Co, the same contractor hired last year by Florida’s department of emergency management to move migrants from Texas to Massachusetts for $1.6m.
“While we continue to collect evidence, I want to say this very clearly: state-sanctioned kidnapping is not a public policy choice, it is immoral and disgusting,” Bonta said in the statement, adding that he was “evaluating” whether violations of civil or criminal law had taken place.
Lawyers for the migrants caught up in DeSantis’s stunt last September were on the ground in Sacramento on Monday, and say the circumstances are nearly identical, with the group having been promised accommodation, jobs and clothing that never materialized, and with no advance notice to social services.
“We’re trying to establish what exactly they were told when they boarded the flights,” said Oren Sellstrom, litigation director of Boston-based Lawyers for Civil Rights.
“There are a number of needs people have when they’re abandoned like this, food and shelter, but also legal assistance, and there needs to be immediate legal action to ensure their federal immigration proceedings are not compromised by this political stunt.
“This kind of conduct is reprehensible, morally repugnant and also illegal. To the extent the individuals flown to California had the same kind of fraud and misrepresentation visited upon them that we saw with our Martha’s Vineyard clients, we fully intend to hold Governor DeSantis and his co-conspirators accountable in a court of law.”
The community group Sacramento area congregations together (ACT) has been assisting the migrants, who are mostly Colombian and Venezuelan, with immediate needs. Cecilia Flores, spokesperson for ACT, said the group was taken to the church by bus and dumped there.
“They started out, ‘What city is this? What state are we in?’” Flores told CNN.
“According to them, they they got off of the bus, the person who was driving rang the doorbell of the building and told them they would be right back, and the bus pulled away and never came back.
“One of the migrants attempted to reach them because they did have a contact number. They said that the person told them they’ll be right there to get you, never specifying who was coming to get them. They continued to try to reach this person [but] their cellphone no longer was working.”
The allegation of deceit mirrors that of the Martha’s Vineyard episode, in which a former US army medic, Perla Huerta, was allegedly hired to lure migrants onto planes in Texas chartered by the DeSantis administration to protest Joe Biden’s immigration policies.
According to several of the migrants, Huerta showed up at a McDonald’s in San Antonio, offering gift cards and promising shelter and jobs in Boston, before the group was dumped without notice in the affluent community.
Lawyers for the migrants subsequently filed a lawsuit.
Rightwinger DeSantis, the leading challenger to Donald Trump for the Republican 2024 presidential nomination, has ramped up his anti-immigrant rhetoric in recent months, and earlier this year persuaded the Florida legislature to approve an expansion to his “unauthorized alien transport program” to Democrat-led cities and states.
Supporters have lauded the program, some selling souvenirs such as T-shirts, drinks glasses and car decals bearing the mocking maxim “DeSantis Airlines: Bringing the border to you”.
DeSantis’s media team did not respond to a request from the Guardian for comment.
Newsom’s tweet on Monday is not the first time the rising Democratic star has niggled DeSantis. Last July, while running for re-election, Newsom aired television ads in Florida urging residents to stand up to DeSantis’s attacks on freedom or consider moving to California.
Their feud reignited in April when Newson decried efforts to reshape Florida’s higher education system into a more conservative model, accusing DeSantis during a visit to his state of “weakness masquerading as strength across the board”.

Greetings!
I hope everybody is doing well. This post has been long-due from my end. Let's get right into it.
Introduction
In life, there are challenges that test our mettle, push our limits, and demand unwavering dedication. Among such trials, there exists a realm that holds the power to shape destinies; the "Civil Services Examination" a fiercely demanding examination conducted by the Union Public Service Commission that stands as a testament to resilience, intellect, and perseverance. This post delves into the domain of a truly arduous yet immensely fulfilling endeavor—the journey of UPSC CSE 2024.
Disclaimer
Under no pretense, I promise that following the advice mentioned in this post will guarantee selection. However, if you pay attention to these valuable insights it will make your journey far less daunting and more enjoyable.

Table of Content

1. Understanding UPSC CSE
2. Deciding to Pursue UPSC CSE
3. Exam Preparation Strategy
4. Preliminary Exam
5. Main Exam
6. Personality Test (Interview)
7. Developing Skills and Qualities
8. Additional Preparation Resources
9. Exam-Day Strategies and Tips
10. Post-Exam and Result Analysis
11. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
12. Conclusion

1. Understanding UPSC CSE & Role of Civil Servants

UPSC CSE is of significant importance in shaping governance and administration. It recruits capable candidates for administrative, police, and diplomatic roles, crucial for nation-building. Civil servants formulate and implement policies, manage resources, and ensure effective governance. They address social issues, uplift marginalized communities, improve public services, and strive for inclusive growth. They work with policymakers, addressing challenges like poverty, education, healthcare, infrastructure, and sustainability. Civil services also include foreign services, fostering diplomacy and global cooperation. UPSC follows a rigorous, merit-based selection process, ensuring competent and ethical candidates. Civil servants are accountable, acting with transparency and integrity. It offers growth opportunities, diverse roles, training, and exposure, enhancing skills and leadership abilities.
You should check the official notification for:

• Eligibility criteria
• Services offered through UPSC CSE

2. Deciding to Pursue UPSC CSE

Deciding whether UPSC CSE is the right path for you requires careful consideration and self-reflection using C-A-R S-E-T.
Consider if you have a genuine desire to serve the nation, make a positive impact on society, and contribute to the betterment of the country through public service.
Assess your strengths, skills, and aptitudes. Consider if you possess the necessary qualities for civil services, such as analytical thinking, leadership abilities, effective communication, problem-solving skills, and the ability to work under pressure.
Reflect on whether you are willing to invest the time, effort, and dedication needed for extensive and rigorous preparation. Consider your study habits, ability to handle vast amounts of information, and commitment to continuous learning.
Seek Guidance and Advice Speak to current or former civil servants, mentors, or individuals who have attempted UPSC CSE; or are/were in service. Seek their guidance and insights into the challenges, rewards, and realities of a career in civil services. Their experiences can help you gain a deeper understanding of what to expect.
Evaluate Alternative Paths Consider if there are alternative career paths that align with your interests, skills, and aspirations. Explore other avenues that allow you to make a positive impact on society and contribute to public service. [Checkout my previous post for more details]
Trust Your Intuition Listen to your inner voice and trust your instincts. Consider your passion, enthusiasm, and dedication toward public service. If you genuinely feel drawn to the purpose and challenges associated with civil services, it may be an indication that UPSC CSE is the right path for you.

3. Exam Preparation Strategy

3.1 Creating a study plan and Timeline
Develop a realistic and organized study plan that covers all the subjects and topics within the given time frame. Allocate specific time slots for each subject, revision, and practice. Here is one sample you can take inspiration from:

Month	MonthSubject/Theme	Action
June 2023	Syllabus and Exam Pattern Analyse	Syllabus - Word by-word breakdown; Check out PYQs for both Prelims and Mains
July 2023	Polity/Economy	Cover the important chapters, Make Notes
August 2023	History/Art and Culture	Cover the important chapters, Make Notes
September 2023	Geography/Environment	Cover the important chapters, Make Notes
October 2023	The Optional	Based on your interest in the past 4 months decide optional and study the PYQs.
November 2023	The Optional	If you have to alter the subject this is the time. Else Continue to study.
December 2023	S&T, IR, Social Issues, CSAT	Consolidate Current Affairs of the last 6 months. CSAT prep begins here.
Jan 2024	Core Subjects, Answer Writing, Test Series	Revise Core Subjects and Practice Test Series and Write at least 1 answer daily from GSI-IV.
Feb 2024	Core Subjects, Answer Writing, Test Series, Optional Revision	Revise Core Subjects and Practice Test Series and Write at least 1 answer daily from GSI-IV. Revisit Optional once.
March 2024	Prelims	Revise keeping prelims in mind.
April 2024	Prelims	70:30 focus on Static: Current.
May 2024	Prelims, Exam *26 May 2024	Final Revision in 3 weeks.
June 2024	Essay + Ethics+Optional	Prepare pointers for Essay and Ethics, Revise Paper 1 optional.
July 2024	GSIII, GS1, GSII	Mains Answer writing
August 2024	GS I-IV, Optional	Mains Answer writing
September 2024	Mains Exam	Stay Healthy and Revise concepts from your one-pager notes.

3.2 Understanding the Syllabus and exam pattern
Check out the Points 4 and 5.
3.3 Recommended Books and study materials
Make use of NCERT textbooks for various subjects (especially for foundational knowledge). At least one standard book per subject we need. So here are some suggestions.
General Studies (Prelims and Mains):

1. Indian Polity by M. Laxmikanth
2. Indian Economy by Ramesh Singh
3. History of Modern India by Bipan Chandra (or)
4. Spectrum A Brief History of Modern India By Rajiv Ahir
5. India's Struggle for Independence by Bipan Chandra
6. Certificate Physical and Human Geography by G.C. Leong
7. General Studies Paper I Manual by Tata McGraw-Hill
8. General Studies Paper II Manual by MHE (McGraw-Hill Education)
9. The Wonder that was India by A.L. Basham
10. Indian Art and Culture by Nitin Singhania
11. Environment for Civil Services Prelims and Mains by Khuller
12. CSAT - Topic-wise Solved Papers by Disha Experts

Current Affairs and Newspapers:

1. The Hindu or The Indian Express (Newspapers) (Just one)
2. Yojana and Kurukshetra magazines
3. Monthly Compilation of Current Affairs.
4. Manorama Yearbook

Apart from books, regularly following reliable online platforms, UPSC preparation websites, and educational resources like PIB (Press Information Bureau), PRS (PRS Legislative Research), and the government's official websites can provide valuable insights and updates.
Optional Subjects:
[Moved to 8. Additional Preparation Resources]
3.4 Effective note-making techniques

1. Keep it concise: Focus on capturing the key points and essential information. Avoid lengthy sentences and unnecessary details. Use bullet points, headings, and subheadings to structure your notes and make them easy to scan and review.
2. Use abbreviations and symbols: Develop a set of abbreviations and symbols to represent commonly used words or phrases. This saves time and space while taking notes. For example, use arrows (→) for "leads to," abbreviations like "govt" for government, or "&" for "and."
3. Highlight and underline: Use highlighters or underline important keywords, phrases, or facts to draw attention to critical information. This makes it easier to quickly review and revise key points.
4. Draw diagrams and flowcharts: Visual representations like diagrams, flowcharts, or mind maps can help in understanding and retaining complex concepts. Use arrows, boxes, and connectors to illustrate relationships between different ideas or components.
5. Use colors and different fonts: Incorporate colors or different fonts to visually differentiate between headings, subheadings, and content. This makes your notes more visually appealing and aids in organization and quick reference.
6. Summarize and rephrase: Instead of copying content verbatim, try to summarize and rephrase information in your own words. This process enhances understanding and retention. Focus on capturing the essence of the content rather than every single detail.
7. Include examples and case studies: Supplement your notes with relevant examples, case studies, and illustrations. This helps in better comprehension and application of concepts during revision and while answering exam questions.
8. Create separate sections for different subjects/topics: Maintain separate notebooks or sections for each subject or topic. This helps in keeping your notes organized and easily accessible. It also allows you to review specific subjects independently.
9. Use headings and subheadings: Use clear headings and subheadings to categorize and structure your notes. This makes it easier to locate specific information and navigate through your notes during revision.
10. Regularly review and revise your notes: Set aside regular time for revisiting and updating your notes. Reviewing your notes frequently ensures that the information stays fresh in your memory and helps you identify areas that need further clarification or revision.

Remember, note-making is a personal process, and you should develop a system that works best for you. Experiment with different techniques (Cornell, Outlining, Mapping, Charting, Sentence), formats, and organization methods to find what suits your learning style and aids your comprehension and revision process.

4. Preliminary Exam

The Preliminary exam is the first stage of the selection process. It consists of two papers: General Studies Paper-I (GS Paper-I) and General Studies Paper-II (CSAT Paper-II). Here is an overview of the Prelims exam:
1. General Studies Paper-I (GS Paper-I):
Duration: 2 hours
Total marks: 200 marks
Number of questions: 100 questions
1/3rd Negative Marking
Nature of questions: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
Syllabus: a. History: Ancient, Medieval, Art and Culture, Modern History of India, Indian National Movement. (not world history) b. Geography: Indian Geography, Physical Geography, Economic Geography, Environmental Geography. c. Polity and Governance: Indian Polity, Constitution, Public Administration, Panchayati Raj, Rights Issues, and Governance. d. Economy: Indian Economy, Economic Development, Sustainable Development, Social Sector Initiatives, Poverty, Inclusion, and Demographics. e. Science and Technology: General Science, Space Technology, IT, Biotechnology, and Environmental Science. f. Environment and Ecology: Environmental Ecology, environmental Legislation, Biodiversity, Climate Change, and Conservation. g. Current Affairs: National and International Events, Government Schemes, Sports, Policies, etc.
Not including key important topics as that will put a bias on your initial preparation.
2. General Studies Paper-II (CSAT Paper-II):
Duration: 2 hours
Total marks: 200 marks
Number of questions: 80 questions
1/3rd Negative Marking
Nature of questions: Multiple-choice questions (MCQs)
Syllabus: The CSAT Paper-II focuses on testing the aptitude and analytical abilities of the candidates, including areas such as comprehension, logical reasoning, analytical ability, decision-making, problem-solving, and general mental ability.
It's important to note that the marks obtained in the Prelims exam are considered for qualifying purposes only. The score of the Prelims is not added to the final merit list. The objective of the Prelims is to shortlist candidates for the Main examination based on a predetermined cutoff.
How to prepare

1. Familiarize yourself with the exam pattern and syllabus of both GS Paper-I and Paper-II. Understand the weightage of each topic and the type of questions asked in the exam.
2. Go through PYQs to understand the trends, the difficulty level, and the areas that are frequently asked. This will give you insights into the exam pattern and help you identify important topics.
3. Develop a study plan that covers the entire syllabus, allocating sufficient time to each subject and topic. Make a timetable and stick to it, ensuring regular and consistent study hours.
4. Choose reliable and comprehensive study materials for each subject. Refer to textbooks, NCERT books, and other recommended resources.
   Importance of PYQs and Mock Tests (PYQs >> Mocks)
   

Solving mock tests and previous years' question papers allows you to evaluate your exam readiness. Mock tests and PYQs provide valuable insights into the exam pattern, structure, and types of questions asked in the UPSC CSE Prelims.
Mock tests help you assess your knowledge and skills. By analyzing your performance, you can identify your strengths and weaknesses in different subjects and topics. This helps you focus your preparation on areas that need improvement, optimizing your study plan.
By solving these papers, you become familiar with the format of the exam and gain confidence in tackling different question styles. It also helps in time management. It won't be an exaggeration if we say that PYQs can help you clear prelims with ease.

5. Main Examination

The Main examination consists of a written exam comprising nine papers, out of which two are qualifying in nature, and the remaining seven are considered for the ranking. Here is the structure and syllabus of the Main exam:

1. Paper-A: One of the Indian languages (qualifying in nature) This paper tests your proficiency in one of the scheduled languages mentioned in the 8th Schedule of the Indian Constitution. You need to choose one language from the given list.
2. Paper-B: English (qualifying in nature) This paper tests your understanding of English language and comprehension skills.
3. Essay (Paper-I): You are required to write two essays, each consisting of 1,000-1,200 words. The topics are given from a wide range of subjects and require analytical and critical thinking.
4. General Studies I (Paper-II): Indian Heritage and Culture, History, and Geography of the World and Society.
5. General Studies II (Paper-III): Governance, Constitution, Polity, Social Justice, and International Relations.
6. General Studies III (Paper-IV): Technology, Economic Development, Bio-diversity, Environment, Security, and Disaster Management.
7. General Studies IV (Paper-V): Ethics, Integrity, and Aptitude.
8. Optional Subject - Paper I (Paper-VI): You have to choose one optional subject from the list provided by UPSC. Each subject has two papers (Paper I and Paper II).
9. Optional Subject - Paper II (Paper-VII): The second paper of the chosen optional subject.

In order to adequately prepare for your studies, it is crucial to refer to the specific wording and content outlined in the syllabus. Let's take an example from the UPSC GS-1 syllabus, which includes the topic "Effects of globalization on Indian society." This particular aspect of the syllabus encompasses various dimensions such as the impact of globalization on women, children, older individuals, culture, and crime in India. Therefore, it is essential to thoroughly prepare for this section by exploring all possible dimensions mentioned. To ensure you cover the required topics, it is advisable to keep a copy of the syllabus for reference.
Ethics broadly comprise two parts. Section A ( Theory) and Section B ( Case studies)
Section A of the General Studies IV (Paper-V) in the UPSC Main examination focuses on theoretical aspects related to fundamental values and concepts. It explores the meaning of various words such as integrity, ethics, morality, beliefs, and value systems.
An important subsection within Section A is "foundational values for civil services." This part delves into the core values expected from civil servants, including integrity, impartiality, neutrality, objectivity, dedication to public service, empathy, tolerance, and compassion towards marginalized sections of society.
This section holds immense significance in the syllabus, not only for Section A and case studies but also for your future career as a civil servant. It is crucial to prepare this portion thoroughly as it forms the basis of your ethical conduct and professional responsibilities once you are selected for civil services.
Tips for essay writing and answer presentation

1. Understand the Question: Carefully read and understand the essay or question prompt. Identify the key themes, arguments, or perspectives that need to be addressed.
2. Plan and Structure: Devote some time to brainstorming and outlining your essay or answer. Create a clear and logical structure with an introduction, body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Outline the main points and arguments you want to include.
3. Introduction: Start with a compelling introduction that sets the context and provides a clear thesis statement or main argument. Engage the reader from the beginning and establish the purpose of your essay or answer.
4. Main Body: Present your arguments and ideas coherently in the main body. Each paragraph should focus on a specific point or sub-topic. Use logical transitions to connect your ideas and ensure a smooth flow of information.
5. Use Evidence and Examples: Support your arguments with relevant evidence, facts, and examples. This demonstrates your understanding of the topic and adds credibility to your essay or answer. Use real-life examples, case studies, and current affairs to strengthen your points.
6. Be Clear and Concise: Use clear and concise language to express your ideas. Avoid unnecessary jargon or complex terminology. Present your thoughts in a straightforward and understandable manner.
7. Balance Perspectives: While presenting arguments, consider multiple perspectives and provide a balanced view. Acknowledge counterarguments and address them effectively. This showcases your analytical thinking and ability to critically evaluate different viewpoints.
8. Time Management: Manage your time effectively during the exam. Allocate sufficient time to each question or essay and stick to the time limit. Prioritize answering the questions you are most confident about, but ensure that you answer all questions.
9. Language and Grammar: Pay attention to your language and grammar. Use proper punctuation, sentence structure, and vocabulary. Proofread your answers for any errors or typos before submitting.
10. Practice and Review: Practice writing essays and answering mock questions regularly. Review and analyze your answers to identify areas for improvement. Seek feedback from mentors, teachers, or peers to enhance your writing skills.

Subject-wise preparation strategies for General Studies papers
It is essential to have a subject-wise approach to cover the vast syllabus effectively. Here are some subject-wise preparation strategies for the GS papers:
History

• Start by familiarizing yourself with the major periods, events, and personalities in Indian and world history.
• Focus on understanding the causes, consequences, and significance of important historical events.
• Make a timeline or chronology of events to aid in better retention and visualization.

Geography

• Study physical, human, and economic geography at the global, regional, and national levels.
• Understand the concepts of physical features, climate, vegetation, population, resources, and their impact on society and economy.
• Use maps, diagrams, and atlases to enhance your understanding of geographical phenomena.
• Stay updated with current events related to geography, such as environmental issues, climate change, and regional conflicts.

Polity and Governance

• Read the Indian Constitution thoroughly, focusing on fundamental rights, duties, and the structure of the government.
• Understand the working of various institutions like the President, Parliament, Judiciary, and the Election Commission.
• Keep track of recent developments in the field of politics, governance, and constitutional amendments.
• Study the basic principles of public administration and governance in India.

Economy

• Gain a conceptual understanding of the Indian economy, including the various sectors, economic policies, and challenges.
• Study topics like economic planning, budgeting, taxation, banking, and financial institutions.
• Keep track of current economic affairs, government schemes, and initiatives related to the economy.
• Refer to economic survey reports, budget documents, and standard textbooks to develop a strong foundation.

Science and Technology

• Cover the basic concepts of physics, chemistry, biology, and environmental science.
• Focus on contemporary issues in science and technology, such as space exploration, biotechnology, information technology, and innovations.
• Stay updated with scientific advancements, breakthroughs, and their implications for society and the environment.
• Understand the ethical, social, and economic aspects of science and technology in the Indian context.

Environment and Ecology

• Study environmental concepts, ecological balance, biodiversity, climate change, and conservation strategies.
• Understand the impact of human activities on the environment and the need for sustainable development.
• Keep track of environmental policies, initiatives, and international agreements.
• Familiarize yourself with important national parks, wildlife sanctuaries, and biosphere reserves in India.

Current Affairs

• Stay updated with current affairs by reading newspapers, magazines, and reliable online sources.
• Focus on national and international events, government policies, reports, and developments related to various subjects.
• Make notes on important current affairs topics and their relevance to the GS papers.
• Analyze the impact of current affairs on society, governance, economy, and international relations.

Remember to practice answer writing, solve previous years' question papers, and take mock tests to assess your preparation and improve your answer presentation skills for each subject.
Optional subject selection and preparation
Some tips for selecting and preparing for an optional subject:

1. Interest and Aptitude: Choose a subject that genuinely interests you and aligns with your strengths and aptitude. Having a natural inclination towards the subject will make the preparation process more enjoyable and easier to grasp.
2. Syllabus and Availability of Study Material: Review the syllabus of each optional subject and assess the availability of relevant study materials, books, and resources. Opt for a subject with a well-defined syllabus and ample study materials to aid your preparation.
3. Previous Knowledge and Background: Consider your educational background and previous knowledge in a particular subject. If you have prior knowledge or academic expertise in a specific area, it can give you an advantage and make the learning process smoother.
4. Scoring Potential: Research and analyze the scoring potential of different optional subjects. Look at the past trends and the success rate of candidates in each subject. However, keep in mind that scoring in the optional subject is not the sole determinant of success in the exam.
5. Coaching and Guidance: Evaluate the availability of coaching institutes and guidance for your chosen optional subject. Coaching can provide structured guidance, study materials, and access to experienced faculty who can help you navigate the subject effectively.
6. Time and Effort: Assess the time and effort required for the preparation of each optional subject. Consider the overlap of the optional subject with the General Studies papers and choose a subject that allows you to manage your time and efforts effectively.
7. Consistency and Revision: Once you have selected an optional subject, maintain consistency in your preparation. Allocate dedicated time for studying the subject regularly. Revise the concepts, practice answer writing, and solve previous years' question papers to strengthen your understanding and retention.

6. Personality Test (Interview)

The Personality Test is the final hurdle in the selection process. After the Main examination results are announced, candidates who qualify for the interview stage receive a call letter with details about the interview date, time, and venue. Virtual Tour of Museum

1. Duration and Panel: The interview generally lasts around 30 minutes. A panel of experienced and knowledgeable members, including UPSC officials and subject matter experts, conducts the interview.
2. Evaluation Criteria: The interview assesses the candidate's personality traits, communication skills, critical thinking abilities, problem-solving skills, general awareness, and suitability for a career in civil services.
3. Topics Covered: The interview can cover a wide range of topics, including current affairs, national and international events, social issues, government policies, the candidate's background, hobbies, academic achievements, and optional subject knowledge.
4. Approach: The interview is not a knowledge test but an evaluation of the candidate's personality. Be confident, honest, and composed. Listen carefully to the questions and provide well-thought-out responses.
5. Preparation: To prepare for the interview, stay updated with current affairs and recent developments. Review your DAF (Detailed Application Form) thoroughly, as the panel may ask questions based on the information provided. Practice mock interviews and seek feedback from mentors or seniors.
6. Body Language and Communication: Pay attention to your body language, maintain eye contact, sit upright, and speak clearly and confidently. Use appropriate language and be respectful to the panel members.
7. Honesty and Integrity: Be truthful in your responses. If you are unsure about an answer, it is better to admit it rather than provide incorrect information. The panel values honesty and integrity.
8. Positive Attitude: Maintain a positive and optimistic attitude throughout the interview. Do not get flustered by challenging questions or interruptions. Stay composed and present your thoughts logically.
9. Post-Interview Analysis: After the interview, reflect on your performance. Identify areas where you can improve and learn from the experience. Stay positive and prepare for the next steps in the selection process.

Remember, the interview is an opportunity to showcase your personality, confidence, and suitability for civil services. Be well-prepared, stay calm, and present your best self during the interview.
More on DAF
Do not include unnecessary hobbies without realizing the consequences. As a result, You have to spend a lot of time preparing answers for irrelevant information, which could have potentially put you in trouble during the interview.
It is crucial to consult a senior or someone experienced before filling your DAF. More often than not, a significant portion of your interview is based on the information provided in the DAF. You will be asked numerous questions on specific aspects of your DAF that the panel found interesting.
Being honest is essential, but it is equally important to be smart. Include only those details that can be easily prepared from an interview point of view. Focus on adding things you are confident about and have thoroughly prepared. Not being able to answer something from your DAF can create a wrong impression.
If possible, consider filling out a rough DAF at the beginning of your UPSC preparation and then develop your hobbies and personality accordingly throughout the course of your preparation.
Even if something goes wrong during the interview, it is crucial to stay calm. Remember that everyone makes mistakes. Gather yourself, remain confident, and maintain a polite demeanor.

7. Developing Skills and Qualities

Read Newspapers: Develop a habit of reading newspapers daily. Focus on national, international, and regional news. Pay attention to editorials, opinion pieces, and articles related to governance, politics, economy, and social issues. You read the newspaper not only for knowledge but as a good habit building. Regularly visit government websites at the national, state, and local levels to stay updated on policy announcements, initiatives, reports, and official statements. Join study groups or discussion forums where aspirants and experts exchange knowledge and insights on current affairs. Engaging in meaningful discussions with fellow aspirants can enhance your understanding. Don't waste time listening to rants. Regularly practice answer writing on current affairs topics. This helps you develop a structured approach, improve your articulation skills, and reinforce your knowledge.
Improving writing and communication skills
Reading extensively exposes you to different writing styles, vocabulary, and ideas. Read a variety of materials such as books, newspapers, magazines, and online articles to improve your language skills and broaden your knowledge. Set aside time each day for writing practice. Start with short exercises like journaling, writing reflections, or summarizing articles. Gradually progress to longer pieces such as essays or opinion pieces. Focus on clarity, coherence, and grammar. Organize your thoughts before writing. Create an outline or mind map to establish a logical flow and structure for your writing. This helps convey your ideas effectively and ensures coherence in your written work. Develop your oral communication skills by seeking opportunities for public speaking. Join debate clubs, participate in group discussions, or deliver presentations. Practice articulating your thoughts clearly and engaging with your audience effectively.
Effective time management

1. Prioritize Tasks: Identify the most important and urgent tasks and prioritize them. Make a to-do list or use a planner to organize your tasks based on their importance and deadlines.
2. Set SMART Goals: Set Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound (SMART) goals for your study sessions. Breaking down your goals into smaller, manageable tasks helps you stay focused and motivated.
3. Create a Study Schedule: Develop a study schedule that suits your preferences and aligns with your daily routine. Allocate specific time slots for different subjects, revision, and practice. Stick to the schedule as much as possible to maintain consistency.
4. Avoid Procrastination: Procrastination can lead to unnecessary stress and time pressure. Break tasks into smaller parts set deadlines, and practice self-discipline to avoid procrastinating. Start with the most challenging or important tasks to build momentum.
5. Minimize Distractions: Identify and minimize distractions during study hours. Turn off notifications on your phone or keep it away from your study area. Create a quiet and dedicated study space to help you concentrate better.
6. Use Productivity Techniques: Explore productivity techniques like the Pomodoro Technique, where you work for a set time (e.g., 25 minutes) and take short breaks in between. This helps maintain focus and improves productivity.

Stress management techniques

1. Practice Relaxation Techniques: Engage in relaxation techniques like deep breathing, meditation, or yoga to calm your mind and reduce stress. Regular practice helps manage anxiety and promotes overall well-being.
2. Take Breaks: Give yourself regular breaks during study sessions. Short breaks can help refresh your mind, improve focus, and prevent burnout. Use these breaks to engage in activities you enjoy or to stretch and relax.
3. Maintain a Healthy Lifestyle: Prioritize your physical and mental well-being. Get enough sleep, eat nutritious meals, and exercise regularly. Taking care of your body and mind helps you manage stress better.
4. Seek Support: Reach out to friends, family, or fellow aspirants for support. Discuss your concerns, share your experiences, and seek advice when needed. Joining study groups or online communities can provide a support network.
5. Stay Positive and Motivated: Maintain a positive mindset and stay motivated throughout your preparation. Celebrate small victories, remind yourself of your goals, and focus on your progress. Surround yourself with positive influences and motivational resources.

8. Additional Preparation Resources

Pros of Coaching institutes

1. Structured Guidance: Coaching institutes provide a structured approach to preparation. They offer a well-defined curriculum, study materials, and a schedule that can help aspirants stay organized and focused.
2. Experienced Faculty: Coaching institutes often have experienced faculty members who are well-versed in the UPSC exam pattern and syllabus. They can provide valuable insights, tips, and strategies to tackle different subjects and stages of the exam.
3. Peer Learning and Competition: Joining a coaching institute allows you to interact with like-minded aspirants. Group discussions, mock tests, and peer interactions can create a competitive environment that motivates and challenges you to improve your performance.
4. Test Series and Mock Exams: Coaching institutes usually conduct regular test series and mock exams, which help in assessing your preparation level and identifying areas that need improvement. These simulated exams also provide a real exam-like experience and help you develop exam-taking skills.
5. Personalized Guidance and Doubt Clearing: Many coaching institutes offer personalized guidance and doubt-clearing sessions. You can seek clarification on difficult topics, get feedback on your performance, and receive guidance on exam strategy from expert mentors.

Cons of Coaching Institutes:

1. Cost: Joining a coaching institute can be expensive. Tuition fees, study materials, and other expenses can put a strain on your budget. It is essential to consider the financial aspect before enrolling in a coaching institute. These days online resources can be pretty useful. It requires more digging and some unethical means.
2. Time Constraints: Coaching classes have fixed schedules, and you may need to adjust your daily routine accordingly. This can be challenging for working professionals or individuals with other commitments.
3. Teaching Style and Compatibility: The teaching style of the faculty and the institute's approach may not always match your learning preferences. Some individuals may find it difficult to adapt to the teaching methods used in coaching institutes.
4. Dependency: Over-reliance on coaching institutes can sometimes hinder self-study and independent thinking. It is important to strike a balance between self-study and coaching institute guidance to develop a holistic understanding of the subjects.
5. Quality Variation: The quality of coaching institutes can vary. While some institutes have highly qualified and experienced faculty, others may not meet the same standards. It is crucial to research and choose reputable institutes with a proven track record.

Ultimately, the decision to join a coaching institute for UPSC CSE preparation depends on your individual learning style, financial capacity, and availability of time. It is possible to crack the exam without coaching, but if you believe that structured guidance, peer learning, and personalized support would benefit you, joining a coaching institute can be a viable option.
Here are some popular institutes:

1. Vajiram and Ravi is a reputed offline coaching institute that also offers online courses for UPSC CSE preparation. Their online platform provides video lectures, study materials, and test series.
2. IASbaba is an online platform that offers a range of free and paid courses for UPSC CSE preparation. It provides daily current affairs, study materials, test series, and guidance from experienced mentors.
3. ForumIAS is a popular online community for UPSC aspirants. It offers a platform for discussion, doubt-solving, and peer interaction. It also provides study materials, current affairs updates, and guidance from experts.
4. InsightsIAS is known for its comprehensive study materials, test series, and current affairs analysis. It provides free resources as well as paid courses for UPSC CSE preparation.
5. Vision IAS emphasizes current affairs preparation, considering its significance in the UPSC CSE. They provide monthly magazines, daily news analyses, and other resources to help aspirants stay updated on current events.

Popular Individual faculty for UPSC CSE preparation
Mr. Mrunal Patel [Economy]
Mr. Pratik Nayak [History]
Mr Siddharth Arora [Polity]
Mr Anudeep Durishetty [Essay]
Mr Praveen Kishore [sociology]
More on this later.
Self-Motivation and Discipline
Self-study requires self-motivation and discipline. It helps you cultivate these essential qualities, which are crucial for success in the exam. By setting goals, managing your time effectively, and staying focused, you develop a strong work ethic that prepares you for the challenges ahead. When you engage in self-study, you have the opportunity to dive deep into concepts and develop a thorough understanding. You can spend more time on complex topics, explore different resources, and seek clarification when needed. This promotes a strong foundation of knowledge and enhances your conceptual clarity. Regular self-evaluation allows you to assess your progress, identify areas of improvement, and fine-tune your study approach.

9. Exam-Day Strategies and Tips

Dos on the day of the exam

1. Get a good night's sleep
2. Eat a healthy breakfast
3. Arrive early at the exam center
4. Carry essential documents
5. Stay calm and positive
6. Read instructions carefully

Don'ts on the day of the exam:

1. Don't study new topics
2. Don't discuss the exam with others
3. Don't panic over difficult questions
4. Don't rush through the exam
5. Don't carry prohibited items
6. Don't compare yourself to others

Time management during the exam
Quickly skim through the entire question paper to get an overview of the questions and their difficulty level. This will help you prioritize and allocate time accordingly.
Divide the available time among different sections based on their weightage and your comfort level. Allocate more time to sections that carry more marks or where you are stronger.
Assign specific time limits to each question or set of questions based on their complexity and marks. This will help you stay on track and avoid spending too much time on a single question.
If you encounter a particularly difficult question or one that is taking up too much time, it's okay to skip it and come back to it later if you have time remaining. Focus on answering the questions you can handle efficiently first.
There are breaks scheduled during the exam, use them wisely. Take a quick mental and physical break, but avoid engaging in lengthy discussions or distractions that may consume precious time.
Dealing with exam anxiety and stress
One of the best ways to alleviate exam anxiety is to be well-prepared. Maintain a consistent study routine, cover the syllabus comprehensively, and revise thoroughly. Confidence in your preparation can significantly reduce anxiety. Break it down: Rather than getting overwhelmed by the entire syllabus, break it down into smaller, manageable portions. Create a study plan and set realistic goals for each study session. Focusing on one topic at a time can help reduce anxiety. Deep breathing exercises, meditation, yoga, or listening to calming music can help you relax and reduce anxiety levels. Ensure you prioritize self-care. Get enough sleep, eat nutritious meals, and engage in physical activity. A healthy body and mind can better handle stress and anxiety. Develop a study schedule that allows for regular breaks and leisure activities. Effective time management can help reduce the pressure of last-minute cramming and provide a better balance in your routine.

10. Post-Exam and Result Analysis

Preliminary Exam Result: After the UPSC CSE Preliminary Exam, the result is usually declared within a few weeks. The result is published on the official UPSC website. It includes a list of candidates who have qualified for the Main Exam based on the cutoff marks set by the UPSC.
Main Exam Result: Once the Main Exam is conducted, the result is declared after a few months. The result is published on the UPSC website and includes the roll numbers of candidates who have qualified for the next stage, which is the Interview or Personality Test.
Final Result: The final result is declared after the completion of the Interview/Personality Test. It includes the names and ranks of candidates who have successfully cleared all the stages of the exam. The final result is published on the UPSC website and may also be published in leading newspapers.
Merit List: The final result is based on the total marks obtained by candidates in the Main Exam and the Interview/Personality Test. A merit list is prepared based on the overall performance, and candidates are ranked accordingly. The allotment of services is done based on the candidate's rank and preference.
Analyzing performance and identifying areas for improvement
Start by reviewing your exam scores and marks obtained in each section. Identify the areas where you performed well and areas where you struggled or scored lower. This will give you an initial understanding of your strengths and weaknesses. Based on your analysis, create a study plan that addresses your weak areas while also reinforcing your strengths. Allocate more time and effort to topics or subjects that need improvement. Break down your study plan into smaller, achievable targets to ensure consistent progress.
Strategies for preparing for subsequent attempts
Analyze your strengths and weaknesses, and use this self-assessment as a foundation for your subsequent preparation. Based on your analysis, pinpoint the subjects, topics, or specific areas where you need improvement. It could be conceptual understanding, answer writing, time management, or current affairs. Prioritize these areas and develop a targeted strategy to enhance your knowledge and skills. Reinforce your foundational knowledge by revisiting the basic concepts and fundamentals of each subject. Assess your time management skills and identify areas where you can improve. Consult mentors, teachers, or successful candidates who can provide guidance and valuable insights. Take care of your physical and mental well-being.

11. Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Is coaching necessary for UPSC CSE preparation? Coaching is not mandatory, but it can provide structured guidance, study materials, and mock tests. It can be helpful, especially for those who require additional support or prefer a classroom learning environment. However, self-study with the right resources and self-discipline can also lead to success.
What are the best books for UPSC CSE preparation? The choice of books may vary depending on the subject and individual preferences. Some popular books for UPSC CSE include NCERT textbooks, standard reference books by authors like Laxmikanth, M. Laxmikanth, Ramesh Singh, and Bipan Chandra, and newspapers like The Hindu for current affairs.
Can working professionals prepare for UPSC CSE? Yes, working professionals can prepare for UPSC CSE by managing their time effectively, creating a study plan, and dedicating focused hours to preparation. Utilize weekends, early mornings, and evenings for study. Balance work commitments with consistent preparation.

Clarifying misconceptions and providing guidance

Misconception: Only candidates from prestigious educational backgrounds can crack UPSC CSE. → UPSC CSE is open to candidates from diverse educational backgrounds. It is the knowledge, aptitude, and dedication that matter more than the educational institution. With the right strategy, study materials, and consistent effort, anyone can succeed in the exam.
Misconception: UPSC CSE can be cleared on the first attempt without much preparation. → UPSC CSE is a highly competitive exam that requires thorough preparation and dedication. While a few exceptional candidates may clear it on their first attempt, most aspirants require multiple attempts. Developing a long-term preparation strategy and consistent effort is key to success.
Misconception: Coaching institutes guarantee success in UPSC CSE. → Coaching institutes can provide guidance, study materials, and mock tests, but they do not guarantee success. Success in UPSC CSE depends on individual effort, self-study, and consistent practice. Many candidates have cleared the exam without formal coaching. It's important to choose the right resources and adopt a disciplined approach to self-study.
Misconception: Memorizing information is enough for UPSC CSE. → UPSC CSE tests conceptual understanding, analytical abilities, and application of knowledge. Mere memorization of facts and information is not enough. Focus on understanding concepts, connecting topics, and developing critical thinking skills. Practice answer writing and analyze previous years' question papers to enhance your application-based approach.
Misconception: Studying for long hours guarantees success. → Study hours alone do not determine success. Quality of study matters more than quantity. Focus on effective time management, breaking down topics into manageable chunks, and setting realistic goals. Take regular breaks, maintain a healthy lifestyle, and prioritize self-care to ensure sustained productivity.
Misconception: English proficiency is mandatory for UPSC CSE. → While UPSC CSE is conducted in English and Hindi, candidates do not need exceptional fluency in English. Basic proficiency in English is sufficient to understand and communicate effectively. Focus on improving language skills through reading, writing, and practicing answer writing.
Misconception: The optional subject is the key to success in UPSC CSE. → The optional subject plays a significant role in the Main Examination, but it is not the sole determinant of success. A well-rounded preparation, including General Studies papers, current affairs, and essay writing, is equally important. Choose the optional subject based on your interest, aptitude, and availability of study materials.
Misconception: UPSC CSE is all about hard work, and luck plays no role. → Hard work is essential for UPSC CSE, but luck can also play a role in certain aspects like question patterns, options in multiple-choice questions, etc. However, luck alone cannot guarantee success. Focus on consistent effort, smart preparation, and improving your skills and knowledge to maximize your chances of success.

12. Conclusion

We have covered a wide range of topics related to UPSC CSE preparation. We discussed the importance of this exam and its eligibility criteria, exam stages, and services offered. We explored various strategies for exam preparation, including recommended books, note-making techniques, and time management. We also delved into specific subjects, optional subject selection, and interview processes. Furthermore, we addressed common queries, clarified misconceptions, and provided guidance. Throughout the discussion, we emphasized the significance of self-study, self-evaluation, and continuous improvement. We highlighted the value of mock tests, previous years' question papers, and analyzing performance. Lastly, we discussed the importance of motivation, encouragement, and perseverance on this challenging yet rewarding journey. Remember, with dedication, strategic planning, and the right mindset, you can overcome obstacles and achieve success in UPSC CSE. Good luck!
Encouragement and motivation for sticklers
Some motivational movies centered around society and its betterment. You should watch it when you have time :)
Dead Poets Society, Remember the Titans, The Pursuit of Happyness, October Sky, Hidden Figures, A Beautiful Mind, Freedom Writers, The Blind Side, Gandhi, Invictus, Freedom Writers, The Help 2011, The Great Debaters, The Pursuit of Equality, Milk 2008, Selma, Norma Rae, Kaala 2018, Peranbu, Mahatma, Drishyam, Swades, Rang De Basanti and many more.
"The future belongs to those who believe in the beauty of their dreams." - Eleanor Roosevelt

banner
Happy Monday everyone, welcome to another UPG of the Week. Meet the Omani Arabs in Oman!

Region: Oman

map
Stratus Index Ranking (Urgency): 52
It has been noted to me by u/JCmathetes that I should explain this ranking. Low numbers are more urgent, both physically and spiritually together, while high numbers are less urgent. The scale is 1-177, with one number assigned to each country. So basically on a scale from Afghanistan (1) to Finland (177), how urgent are the peoples physical and spiritual needs.

The Stratus Index - Synthesizes reliable data from different sources to clearly display the world’s most urgent spiritual and physical needs.
The vast majority of missions resources go to people and places already Reached by the Gospel, while only 3% of missionaries and 1% of missions money are deployed among the Unreached. This is the Great Imbalance. As a result, there are more people without access to the Gospel today than a decade ago. Stratus seeks to equip the global church with fresh vision to accomplish the Great Commission by addressing some of the factors that perpetuate the Great Imbalance. We hope this tool allows the church to better understand what steps will be required to overcome the barriers that prevent needs from being met, spurring informed and collaborative missions strategy. Stratus Website

Climate: Summer temperatures in Muscat and northern Oman average 30 to 40 °C (86.0 to 104.0 °F). Annual rainfall in Muscat averages 100 mm (3.9 in), occurring mostly in January. In the south, the Dhofar Mountains area near Salalah has a tropical-like climate and receives seasonal rainfall from June to September as a result of monsoon winds from the Indian Ocean, leaving the summer air saturated with moisture and fog. Summer temperatures in Salalah range from 20 to 30 °C (68.0 to 86.0 °F)
The Dhofar mountains in the summer
Terrain: A gravel desert plain covers most of central Oman, with mountain ranges along the north (Al-Hajar) and southeast coast (Qara or Dhofar Mountains). The peninsula of Musandam (Musandem), strategically located on the Strait of Hormuz, is an exclave separated from the rest of Oman by the United Arab Emirates.[116] Coast of Sur Madha, another exclave, is an enclave within UAE territory located halfway between the Musandam Peninsula and the main body of Oman.
An Oasis in Oman
Wildlife of Oman: Oman has many animals for its relatively small land size. It is one of the last places in which the Arabian leopard survives is the Dhofar mountains in southern Oman. Other carnivores present include the striped hyena, the honey badger, the red fox, the caracal, the sand cat, Blanford's fox and Arabian wildcat. Some other mammals include the the Arabian oryx, the sand gazelle, the mountain gazelle, the Nubian ibex, the camel. Off Muscat there are other humpback whales, pygmy blue whales, Bryde's whales, sperm whales, false killer whales, Risso's dolphins, spinner dolphins, bottlenose dolphins, Indo-Pacific humpbacked dolphins, and the occasional killer whale. Most of the approximately one dozen or so snake species in the country are harmless, but the uncommon horned viper, carpet viper, puff adder and cobra are venomous. There are no monkeys (afaik) in Oman!
The Arabian Leopard
Environmental Issues: Both drought and limited rainfall contribute to shortages in the nation's water supply. The nation's soil has shown increased levels of salinity. Pollution of beaches and other coastal areas by oil tanker traffic through the Strait of Hormuz and Gulf of Oman is also a persistent problem.
Languages: Arabic is the official language. There are dialects of Arabic spoken, all part of the Peninsular Arabic family: Dhofari Arabic (also known as Dhofari, Zofari) is spoken in Salalah and the surrounding coastal regions (the Dhofar Governorate). According to CIA (freakin lol), besides Arabic, English, Baluchi (Southern Baluchi), Urdu, Bengali (spoken by Indians and Bangladeshis), Hindi, Malayalam, Tulu and other Indian languages are the main languages spoken
Government Type: Unitary Islamic absolute monarchy

People: The Omani Arabs of Oman

Omani Arab man
Population: 1,967,000
Estimated Foreign Workers Needed: 39+
Beliefs: The Omani Arabs of Oman are 0% Christian. That means out of their population of 1,967,000 there are little to no Christians at all.
Most Oman Arabs belong to the Ibadi sect of Islam, one of the religion's oldest and most traditional branches. Ibadi principles of puritanism and idealism have greatly influenced Arabs in surrounding countries.
The Great Sultan Qabus Mosque in Oman
History: During the 8th century BCE, it is believed that the Yaarub, the descendant of Qahtan, ruled the entire region of Yemen, including Oman. Wathil bin Himyar bin Abd-Shams (Saba) bin Yashjub (Yaman) bin Yarub bin Qahtan later ruled Oman. It is thus believed that the Yaarubah were the first settlers in Oman from Yemen.
Over centuries tribes from western Arabia settled, making a living by fishing, farming, herding or stock breeding. Arab migration to Oman started from northern-western and south-western Arabia and those who chose to settle had to compete with the indigenous population for the best arable land. When Arab tribes started to migrate to Oman, there were two groups. One group, a segment of the Azd tribe migrated from Yemen in A.D. 120/200 following the collapse of Marib Dam, while the other group migrated centuries before the birth of Islam from Nejd (what later is Saudi Arabia), named Nizari. Other historians believe that the Yaarubah from Qahtan which belong to an older branch, were the first settlers of Oman from Yemen, and then came the Azd.
The Azd settlers in Oman are descendants of Nasr bin Azd and were later known as "the Al-Azd of Oman". 70 years after the first Azd migration, another branch of Alazdi under Malik bin Fahm, the founder of Kingdom of Tanukhites on the west of Euphrates, is believed to have settled. According to Al-Kalbi, Malik bin Fahm was the first settler of Alazd. He is said to have first settled in Qalhat. By this account, Malik, with an armed force of more than 6000 men and horses, fought against the Marzban, who served a Persian king in the battle of Salut and eventually defeated the Persian forces. This account is semi-legendary and seems to condense centuries of migration and conflict into a story of two campaigns that exaggerate the success of the Arabs. The account may represent an amalgamation of traditions from not only the Arab tribes but also the region's original inhabitants.
In the 7th century CE, Omanis came in contact with and accepted Islam. The conversion of Omanis to Islam is ascribed to Amr ibn al-As, who was sent by the prophet Muhammad during the Expedition of Zaid ibn Haritha (Hisma). Amer was dispatched to meet with Jaifer and Abd, the sons of Julanda who ruled Oman. They appear to have readily embraced Islam.
Omani Azd used to travel to Basra for trade, which was a centre of Islam, during the Umayyad empire. Omani Azd were granted a section of Basra, where they could settle and attend to their needs. Some of the Omani Azd who settled in Basra became merchants and, under their leader Muhallab bin Abi Sufrah, started to expand their influence of power eastwards towards Khorasan. Ibadhi Islam originated in Basra through its founder, Abdullah ibn Ibadh, around the year 650 CE; the Omani Azd in Iraq would subsequently adopt this as their predominant faith. Later, Al-hajjaj, the governor of Iraq, came into conflict with the Ibadhis, which forced them back to Oman. Among those who returned was the scholar Jaber bin Zaid. His return (and the return of other scholars) enhanced the Ibadhi movement. Alhajjaj made an attempt to subjugate Oman, then ruled by Suleiman and Said (the sons of Abbad bin Julanda). Alhajjaj dispatched Mujjaah bin Shiwah, who was confronted by Said bin Abbad. This confrontation devastated Said's army, after which he and his forces retreated to the Jebel Akhdar (mountains). Mujjaah and his forces went after Said, successfully flushing them out from hiding in Wadi Mastall. Mujjaah later moved towards the coast, where he confronted Suleiman bin Abbad. The battle was won by Suleiman's forces. Alhajjaj sent another force (under Abdulrahman bin Suleiman); he eventually won the war, taking over the governance of Oman.
The first elective Imamate of Oman is believed to have been established after the fall of the Umayyad Dynasty in 750/755 AD, when Janaħ bin ʕibadah Alħinnawi was elected. Other scholars claim that Janaħ bin Ibadah served as a Wāli (governor) under the Umayyad dynasty (and later ratified the Imamate), and that Julanda bin Masud was the first elected Imam of Oman, in A.D. 751. The first Imamate reached its peak power in the 9th century A.D. The Imamate established a maritime empire whose fleet controlled the Gulf, during a time when trade with the Abbasid Dynasty, the Far East, and Africa flourished. The authority of the Imams started to decline due to power struggles, the interventions of Abbasid, and the rise of the Seljuk Empire.
During the 11th and 12th centuries, the Omani coast was in the sphere of influence of the Seljuk Empire. They were expelled in 1154, when the Nabhani dynasty came to power. The Nabhanis ruled as muluk, or kings, while the Imams were reduced to largely symbolic significance. The capital of the dynasty was Bahla. The Banu Nabhan controlled the trade in frankincense on the overland route via Sohar to the Yabrin oasis, and then north to Bahrain, Baghdad and Damascus. The mango-tree was introduced to Oman during the time of Nabhani dynasty, by ElFellah bin Muhsin. The Nabhani dynasty started to deteriorate in 1507 when Portuguese colonisers captured the coastal city of Muscat, and gradually extended their control along the coast up to Sohar in the north and down to Sur in the southeast. Other historians argue that the Nabhani dynasty ended earlier in A.D. 1435 when conflicts between the dynasty and Alhinawis arose, which led to the restoration of the elective Imamate.
In 1552 an Ottoman fleet captured the fort in Muscat, during their fight for control of the Persian Gulf and the Indian Ocean, and departed after destroying the surroundings of the fortress. Later in the 17th century, using its bases in Oman, Portugal engaged in the largest naval battle ever fought in the Persian Gulf. The Portuguese force fought against a combined armada of the Dutch East India Company (VOC) and English East India Company support by the Safavid empire. The result of the battle was a draw and resulted in the loss of Portuguese influence in the Gulf. Cities were sketched in the 17th century and appear in the António Bocarro Book of fortress
The Ottoman Empire temporarily captured Muscat from the Portuguese again in 1581 and held it until 1588. During the 17th century, the Omanis were reunited by the Yaruba Imams. Nasir bin Murshid became the first Yaarubah Imam in 1624, when he was elected in Rustaq. Nasir's energy and perseverance is believed to have earned him the election. Imam Nasir and his successor succeeded in the 1650s in expelling the Portuguese from their coastal domains in Oman. The Omanis over time established a maritime empire that pursued the Portuguese and expelled them from all their possessions in East Africa, which were then incorporated into the Omani domains. To capture Zanzibar Saif bin Sultan, the Imam of Oman, pressed down the Swahili Coast. An obstacle to his progress was Fort Jesus, housing the garrison of a Portuguese settlement at Mombasa. After a two year siege, the fort fell to Imam Saif bin Sultan in 1698. Saif bin Sultan occupied Bahrain in 1700. The rivalry within the house of Yaruba over power after the death of Imam Sultan in 1718 weakened the dynasty. With the power of the Yaruba Dynasty dwindling, Imam Saif bin Sultan II eventually asked for help against his rivals from Nader Shah of Persia. A Persian force arrived in March 1737 to aid Saif. From their base at Julfar, the Persian forces eventually rebelled against the Yaruba in 1743. The Persian empire then tried to take possession of the coast of Oman until 1747.
After the Omanis expelled the Persians, Ahmed bin Sa'id Albusaidi in 1749 became the elected Imam of Oman, with Rustaq serving as the capital. Since the revival of the Imamate with the Yaruba dynasty, the Omanis continued with the elective system and, provided that the person is deemed qualified, gave preference to a member of the ruling family. Following Imam Ahmed's death in 1783, his son, Said bin Ahmed became the elected Imam. His son, Seyyid Hamed bin Said, overthrew the representative of his father the Imam in Muscat and obtained the possession of Muscat fortress. Hamed ruled as "Seyyid". Afterwards, Seyyid Sultan bin Ahmed, the uncle of Seyyid Hamed, took over power. Seyyid Said bin Sultan succeeded Sultan bin Ahmed. During the entire 19th century, in addition to Imam Said bin Ahmed who retained the title until he died in 1803, Azzan bin Qais was the only elected Imam of Oman. His rule started in 1868. The British refused to accept Imam Azzan as a ruler, as he was viewed as inimical to their interests. This view played an instrumental role in supporting the deposition of Imam Azzan in 1871 by his cousin, Sayyid Turki, a son of the late Sayyid Said bin Sultan, and brother of Sultan Barghash of Zanzibar, who Britain deemed to be more acceptable.
Oman's Imam Sultan, defeated ruler of Muscat, was granted sovereignty over Gwadar, an area of what later is Pakistan. Gwadar was a part of Oman from 1783 to 1958. This coastal city is located in the Makran region of what is later the far southwestern corner of Pakistan, near what is later the border of Iran, at the mouth of the Gulf of Oman.
The British empire was keen to dominate southeast Arabia to stifle the growing power of other European states and to curb the Omani maritime power that grew during the 17th century. The British empire over time, starting from the 18th century, began to establish a series of treaties with the sultans with the objective of advancing British political and economic interest in Muscat, while granting the sultans military protection. In 1798, the first treaty between the British East India Company and the Albusaidi dynasty was signed by Sayyid Sultan bin Ahmed. The treaty aimed to block commercial competition of the French and the Dutch as well as obtain a concession to build a British factory at Bandar Abbas. A second treaty was signed in 1800, which stipulated that a British representative shall reside at the port of Muscat and manage all external affairs with other states. As the Omani Empire weakened, the British influence over Muscat grew throughout the nineteenth century.
In 1854, a deed of cession of the Omani Kuria Muria islands to Britain was signed by the sultan of Muscat and the British government. The British government achieved predominating control over Muscat, which, for the most part, impeded competition from other nations. Between 1862 and 1892, the Political Residents, Lewis Pelly and Edward Ross, played an instrumental role in securing British supremacy over the Persian Gulf and Muscat by a system of indirect governance. By the end of the 19th century, and with the loss of its African dominions and its revenues, British influence increased to the point that the sultans became dependent on British loans and signed declarations to consult the British government on all important matters. The Sultanate thus came de facto under the British sphere.
Zanzibar was a property as the main slave market of the Swahili Coast as well as being a producer of cloves, and became an increasingly important part of the Omani empire, a fact reflected by the decision of the Sayyid Sa'id bin Sultan, to make it the capital of the empire in 1837. Sa'id built palaces and gardens in Zanzibar. Rivalry between his two sons was resolved, with the help of forceful British diplomacy, when one of them, Majid, succeeded to Zanzibar and to the Omani domains on the Swahili Coast. The other son, Thuwaini, inherited Oman and the Asian domains. Zanzibar's influences in the Comoros archipelago in the Indian Ocean indirectly introduced Omani customs to the Comorian culture. These influences include clothing traditions and wedding ceremonies. In 1856, under British arbitration, Zanzibar and Muscat became two sultanates.
The British imperial development over Muscat and Oman during the 19th century led to the renewed revival of the cause of the Imamate in the interior of Oman, which has appeared in cycles for more than 1,200 years. The British Political Agent, who resided in Muscat, owed the alienation of the interior of Oman to the influence of the British government over Muscat, which he described as being completely self-interested and without any regard to the social and political conditions of the locals. In 1913, Imam Salim Alkharusi instigated an anti-Muscat rebellion that lasted until 1920 when the Sultanate established peace with the Imamate by signing the Treaty of Seeb. The treaty was brokered by Britain, which had no economic interest in the interior of Oman during that point of time. The treaty granted autonomous rule to the Imamate in the interior of Oman and recognized the sovereignty of the coast of Oman, the Sultanate of Muscat. In 1920, Imam Salim Alkharusi died and Muhammad Alkhalili was elected.
On 10 January 1923, an agreement between the Sultanate and the British government was signed in which the Sultanate had to consult with the British political agent residing in Muscat and obtain the approval of the High Government of India to extract oil in the Sultanate. On 31 July 1928, the Red Line Agreement was signed between Anglo-Persian Company (later renamed British Petroleum), Royal Dutch/Shell, Compagnie Française des Pétroles (later renamed Total), Near East Development Corporation (later renamed ExxonMobil) and Calouste Gulbenkian (an Armenian businessman) to collectively produce oil in the post-Ottoman Empire region, which included the Arabian peninsula, with each of the 4 companies holding 23.75% of the shares while Calouste Gulbenkian held the remaining 5% shares. The agreement stipulated that none of the signatories was allowed to pursue the establishment of oil concessions within the agreed on area without including all other stakeholders. In 1929, the members of the agreement established Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC). On 13 November 1931, Sultan Taimur bin Faisal abdicated
Said bin Taimur became the sultan of Muscat officially on 10 February 1932. The rule of sultan Said bin Taimur was backed by the British government, and has been characterised as being feudal, reactionary and isolationist. The British government maintained administrative control over the Sultanate as the defence secretary and chief of intelligence, chief adviser to the sultan and all ministers except for one were British. In 1937, an agreement between the sultan and Iraq Petroleum Company (IPC), a consortium of oil companies that was 23.75% British owned, was signed to grant oil concessions to IPC. After failing to discover oil in the Sultanate, IPC was interested in some promising geological formations near Fahud, an area located within the Imamate. IPC offered financial support to the sultan to raise an armed force against any potential resistance by the Imamate.
In 1955, the exclave coastal Makran strip acceded to Pakistan and was made a district of its Balochistan province, while Gwadar remained in Oman. On 8 September 1958, Pakistan purchased the Gwadar enclave from Oman for US$3 million.
Sultan Said bin Taimur expressed his interest in occupying the Imamate after the death of Imam Alkhalili, thus taking advantage of any potential instability that might occur within the Imamate when elections were due, to the British government. The British political agent in Muscat believed that the only method of gaining access to the oil reserves in the interior was by assisting the sultan in taking over the Imamate. In 1946, the British government offered arms and ammunition, auxiliary supplies and officers to prepare the sultan to attack the interior of Oman. In May 1954, Imam Alkhalili died and Ghalib Alhinai was elected Imam.
In December 1955, Sultan Said bin Taimur sent troops of the Muscat and Oman Field Force to occupy the centres, including Nizwa, the capital of the Imamate of Oman, and Ibri. The Omanis in the interior led by Imam Ghalib Alhinai, Talib Alhinai, the brother of the Imam and the Wali (governor) of Rustaq, and Suleiman bin Hamyar, who was the Wali (governor) of Jebel Akhdar, defended the Imamate in the Jebel Akhdar War against British-backed attacks by the Sultanate. In July 1957, the Sultan's forces were withdrawing, and were repeatedly ambushed, sustaining casualties. Sultan Said, with the intervention of British infantry (two companies of the Cameronians), armoured car detachments from the British Army and RAF aircraft, was able to suppress the rebellion. The Imamate's forces retreated to the inaccessible Jebel Akhdar.
Colonel David Smiley, who had been seconded to organise the Sultan's Armed Forces, managed to isolate the mountain in autumn 1958 and found a route to the plateau from Wadi Bani Kharus. On 4 August 1957, the British Foreign Secretary gave the approval to carry out air strikes without prior warning to the locals residing in the interior of Oman. Between July and December 1958, the British RAF made 1,635 raids, dropping 1,094 tons and firing 900 rockets at the interior of Oman targeting insurgents, mountain top villages, water channels and crops. On 27 January 1959, the Sultanate's forces occupied the mountain in an operation. Imam Ghalib, his brother Talib and Sulaiman managed to escape to Saudi Arabia, where the Imamate's cause was promoted until the 1970s. The exiled partisans of the abolished Imamate of Oman presented the case of Oman to the Arab League and the United Nations. On 11 December 1963, the UN General Assembly decided to establish an Ad-Hoc Committee on Oman to study the 'Question of Oman' and report back to the General Assembly.The UN General Assembly adopted the 'Question of Oman' resolution in 1965, 1966 and again in 1967 that called upon the British government to cease all repressive action against the locals, end British control over Oman and reaffirmed the inalienable right of the Omani people to self-determination and independence.
After deposing his father in 1970, Sultan Qaboos opened up the country, embarked on economic reforms, and followed a policy of modernisation marked by increased spending on health, education and welfare. Slavery was outlawed in 1970.
In 2002, voting rights were extended to all citizens over the age of 21, and the first elections to the Consultative Assembly under the rules were held in 2003. In 2004, the Sultan appointed a female minister with portfolio, Sheikha Aisha bint Khalfan bin Jameel al-Sayabiyah. She was appointed to the post of National Authority for Industrial Craftsmanship, an office that attempts to preserve and promote Oman's traditional crafts and stimulate industry. The Sultan continued to rule by decree. Nearly 100 suspected Islamists were arrested in 2005 and 31 people were convicted of trying to overthrow the government. They were ultimately pardoned in June of the same year.
Inspired by the Arab Spring uprisings that were taking place throughout the region, protests occurred during months of 2011. While they did not call for the ousting of the regime, demonstrators demanded political reforms, improved living conditions and the creation of more jobs. They were dispersed by riot police in February 2011. Sultan Qaboos reacted by promising jobs and benefits. In October 2011, elections were held to the Consultative Assembly, to which Sultan Qaboos promised greater powers. The following year, the government began a crackdown on internet criticism. In September 2012, trials began of 'activists' accused of posting "abusive and provocative" criticism of the government online. 6 were given jail terms of 12–18 months and fines of around $2,500 each.
Qaboos, the Arab world's longest-serving ruler, died on 10 January 2020, and the government declared 40 days of national mourning. He was buried the next day. On 11 January 2020, Qaboos was succeeded by his first cousin Sultan Haitham bin Tariq.
Nakhal Fort, one of the best-preserved forts in Oman.
Culture: Typical qualification that all people groups can't be summed up in small paragraphs and this is an over generalization.
The Omani Arabs live in extended family units. Their society is patriarchal, or male-dominated. The men seldom abuse this authority because they believe that their families should obey them out of respect rather than fear. Also, there are clearly defined roles for both sexes. Even the children are given gender-specific duties. The men work outside in the fields while women work in the homes. Men and women often eat separately and never pray together. While men worship at mosques, women attend ceremonies conducted at home by female religious leaders. Marriages are generally pre-arranged by the parents. Children are a considered the family's greatest asset because they provide the parents with additional laborers and social security.
An Omani Souq
Cuisine: The cuisine of Oman uses spices and marinades to complete a dish, which usually consists of chicken, fish, and lamb. Unlike that of many other Asian nations, Omani cuisine is not spicy, and varies regionally. Everyday meals generally have components such as rice, a wide variety of soups, salad, curry, and fresh vegetables. For dessert, a known Omani sweet Omani halwa is usually served. This is usually served before the consumption of kahwa, a preparation of coffee with cardamom, which is very popular and remains a symbol of hospitality. Other popular beverages include tea, laban (a kind of salty buttermilk), yoghurt drinks, and soft drinks like mountain dew.
Omani Halwa
Prayer Request:

• Pray for a spiritual discernment and hunger that will allow Omani Arabs to seek and find Christ.
• Pray for Holy Spirit-directed believers to go to the Omani Arabs.
• Pray for a Disciple Making Movement to spread far and wide among Omani Arabs.
• Pray against Putin and his insane little war.
• Pray for our nation (the United States), that we Christians can learn to come alongside our hurting brothers and sisters and learn to carry one another's burdens in a more Christlike manner than we have done historically.
• Pray that in this time of chaos and panic that the needs of the unreached are not forgotten by the church. Pray that our hearts continue to ache to see the unreached hear the Good News.

Brothers, my heart’s desire and prayer to God for them is that they may be saved. (Romans 10:1)
____________________________________________________________________________________________
Here are the previous weeks threads on the UPG of the Week for Reformed from 2023 (plus a few from 2022 so this one post isn't so lonely). To save some space on these, all UPG posts made 2019-now are here, I will try to keep this current.

People Group	Country	Continent	Date Posted	Beliefs
Omani Arabs	Oman	Asia	06/05/2023	Islam
Turks	Bulgaria	Europe	05/22/2023	Islam
Kinnara	Sri Lanka	Asia	05/15/2023	Buddhism***
Yonaguni	Japan	Asia	05/08/2023	Animism
Persian	Iran	Asia	04/10/2023	Islam
Ngazidja Comorian	Comoros	Africa	04/03/2023	Islam
Uyghur (2nd)	China	Asia	03/27/2023	Islam
Aimaq	Afghanistan	Asia	03/20/2023	Islam
Shughni	Tajikistan	Asia	03/13/2023	Islam
Punjabi	Canada	North America	03/06/2023	Sikhism
Kurds	Turkey	Asia**	02/13/2023	Islam***
Krymchak	Ukraine*	Europe**	02/06/2023	Judaism
Talysh	Azerbaijan	Asia**	01/30/2023	Islam
Shan	Myanmar	Asia	01/23/2023	Buddhism***
Shaikh - 2nd post	Bangladesh	Asia	01/09/2023	Islam
Hindi	United States	North America	12/19/2022	Hinduism
Somali	Finland	Europe	12/05/2022	Islam
Hemshin	Turkey	Asia**	11/28/2022	Islam
Waorani (Reached)	Ecuador	South America	11/21/2022	Christianity

* Tibet belongs to Tibet, not China.
** Russia/Turkey/etc is Europe but also Asia so...
*** this likely is not the true religion that they worship, but rather they have a mixture of what is listed with other local religions, or they have embraced a liberal drift and are leaving faith entirely but this is their historical faith.
As always, if you have experience in this country or with this people group, feel free to comment or let me know and I will happily edit it so that we can better pray for these peoples! I shouldn't have to include this, but please don't come here to argue with people or to promote universalism. I am a moderator so we will see this if you do.
Here is a list of definitions in case you wonder what exactly I mean by words like "Unreached".
Here is a list of missions organizations that reach out to the world to do missions for the Glory of God.

From bloomberg: https://www.bloomberg.com/news/features/2023-06-04/us-effort-to-help-homebuyers-get-affordable-loans-mainly-benefits-banks-instead

The first sign of deep trouble in US banking this year came from a sunbaked office complex in a San Diego suburb. There, a small firm called Silvergate Capital Corp. assured investors it was weathering a run on deposits. Its lifeline: about $4.3 billion from a Federal Home Loan Bank.
Heads turned across the financial industry.
Silvergate didn’t have a network of branches serving consumers, and it barely offered mortgages. It specialized in moving dollars for cryptocurrency ventures.
Soon it became apparent that a roster of troubled regional banks was leaning on FHLBs — a relic of the Great Depression originally aimed at ensuring financial firms have cash to lend to homebuyers. Yet the banks had little to do with everyday mortgage lending.
Silicon Valley Bank, catering to venture capitalists and tech startups, said it held $15 billion from an FHLB at the end of 2022. Signature Bank, with clients including crypto platforms, had $11 billion. And by April, First Republic Bank, offering mortgages to millionaires on unusually sweet terms, ended up with more than $28 billion. All four banks collapsed.
For many, that was a crystallizing moment for the 90-year-old Federal Home Loan Bank system, which has ballooned to more than $1.5 trillion while playing a growing role as a backstop for banks taking all kinds of risks — and a diminishing role in funding new mortgages. That’s raising questions about the purpose of FHLBs and why the private institutions enjoy so much government support.
This look at the system is based on interviews with more than 30 current and former FHLB officials, overseers, borrowers and other market participants, most of them speaking on the condition they not be named to candidly discuss confidential experiences. Many described an environment where loans are made quickly with little due diligence, generating billions of dollars a year in profits for FHLBs and the banks they serve — plus millions of dollars in bonuses and other compensation for their own executives.
It’s hard to imagine the Federal Reserve rewarding bosses for arranging industry bailouts, but that is in effect what now happens at FHLBs.
The FHLB of San Francisco, for example, more than doubled its assets last year as Silicon Valley Bank, First Republic and others embarked on their borrowing binges. Its chief executive officer, Teresa Bazemore, was awarded $2.4 million — much of it in bonuses — during 2022, her first full year atop the institution. SVB and First Republic now rank as the second- and third-largest bank failures in US history.
Bazemore's pay was tied to goals and other metrics the San Francisco FHLB's board set in consultation with a third-party expert and showed to regulators, said Elliot Sloane, a spokesperson for the San Francisco FHLB. “The level of advances to a member is based on a careful, thoughtful and conservative underwriting approach that takes all the relevant risk factors into account. That is our congressionally directed function,” Sloane said.
Many of the largest banks also have become accustomed to drawing financing from FHLBs, even as they pull back from lending to US homebuyers.
Wells Fargo & Co., JPMorgan Chase & Co. and Citigroup Inc. — among the system’s biggest users since 2010 — collectively tapped at least $62 billion during last year’s relatively sedate markets. Citigroup’s $19 billion amounted to 3% of the total cash pool, while the firm originated only 0.3% of the nation’s mortgages in 2022, according to bank regulatory filings and federal mortgage records. Wells Fargo borrowed $32 billion before announcing in January that it’s slashing mortgage operations.
The lion’s share of US home loans are instead issued by nonbanks, such as Rocket Mortgage, which sell them to free up cash to make new loans.
Those businesses generally aren’t eligible to tap the FHLB system.
More than 80% of the top 100 FHLB users borrowed more from the system than they loaned out as mortgages. Fourteen banks reported no originations.
One quirk of the system is that the government’s assistance doesn’t appear as a line in the US budget — sparing FHLBs the kinds of bitter congressional debates over expenditures that have gripped Washington in recent months.
Instead, government support starts with special treatment, giving FHLBs an edge in raising money cheaply. They gather most of their funding by selling bonds exempt from state and local income taxes. Buyers are also more comfortable with the debt because of the widespread assumption that if an FHLB ever runs into trouble, the government would jump in with taxpayer money to prevent default. Standard & Poor’s and Moody’s have said their credit ratings for the FHLB system would be several notches lower if not for the government's presumed backing.
“The implied guarantee is also not something that's conveyed by the government,” Ryan Donovan, CEO of the Council of Federal Home Loan Banks, said in an interview. “It's something the market perceives, that we're a safe place, that our debt that we issue is solid.”
Economists vigorously debate the value of the government’s support. Defenders of the system, such as former White House adviser Jim Parrott and economist Mark Zandi, estimate it was worth around $5 billion last year, while detractors peg the boost closer to $9 billion. Some of that is passed on to banks as a discounted source of financing. It also translates into higher profits for the FHLBs, which last year produced $3.2 billion in net income.
They held on to more than half that, lifting their stockpile of retained earnings to $24.6 billion.
A portion — about $1.4 billion — was paid banks and other “members” as dividends.
In the end, the $1.5 trillion FHLB system contributed a mere $355 million to a program supporting housing affordability last year.
“It’s embarrassing,” said Cornelius Hurley, an independent director on the board of Boston’s FHLB for about 14 years through 2021. “This is a public entity. We should be demanding more from them.”
Defenders acknowledge that the system is a quirk of history but say its ability to provide funding quickly is crucial, especially when crises erupt. FHLBs can start stabilizing lenders before they resort to tapping the Fed’s discount window, and before policymakers can meet to discuss other extraordinary measures.
Banks that do tap the discount window have to worry about stoking the very same public panic they are trying to quell.
“The members certainly could go to the Fed,” said Michael Ericson, CEO of the Chicago FHLB. “The challenge is there is a reputation risk associated with that. In talking with member institutions, they feel that the stigma is real.”
FHLBs didn’t always provide cash so freely. The system was almost comically risk-averse when President Herbert Hoover signed the law for its creation in 1932. In the first two years, hopeful borrowers filled out 41,000 applications for mortgages funded with FHLB money. Three were approved.
Back then, thrifts and insurers were the biggest lenders to homebuyers. The firms were supposed to go to local FHLBs and pledge collateral — such as home loans — to borrow cash and make additional mortgages.
But by the late 1930s, Franklin Roosevelt’s administration was creating an even simpler system: A new entity, Fannie Mae, would buy mortgages. About three decades later, Congress chartered Freddie Mac to help thrifts manage interest-rate risks. The pair gave rise to the mortgage-securities market, which funds most home loans today.
But in the 1980s, the savings and loan crisis erupted, prompting a government bailout. With so many thrifts failing, the FHLBs were losing too many members to sustain themselves. So in 1989, George H.W. Bush’s administration reached a deal to expand the FHLB system to serve thousands of banks — on the condition that 10% of profits would go toward supporting housing affordability.
FHLBs fought that requirement at the time, people involved in that process said. They now tout it as a core piece of their mission. Sticking to the Mandate
FHLBs have to set aside 10% of their profit for affordable housing grant programs. They rarely do more.
The number of lenders using FHLBs more than doubled to more than 8,000 by 2005 — while the system’s balance sheet swelled about sixfold to $1 trillion.
But after the 2008 financial crisis, the nation’s largest banks began pulling back en masse from mortgage lending.
Wells Fargo, JPMorgan and Citigroup collectively originated 4% of residential mortgages in the country in 2022, down from 13% in 2010. Rocket Mortgage increased its market share over the same period.
Still, FHLBs continued to swell as banks sought financing, especially in emergencies. The system’s total loans to members surged 28% to $1.04 trillion in this year’s first three months, beating a record set in the third quarter of 2008.
“What the home loan banks have become is a source of general liquidity to big banks,” said Bruce Morrison, former chair of the Federal Housing Finance Board. “They’ve made a great contribution for the last 50 years, but the market has changed. They’re doing a job that the Fed should be doing.”
Most Americans aren’t familiar with the arcane system.
A software engineer from a think tank recently went on National Public Radio’s “The Indicator” to take a quiz about this year’s turmoil in US banking. Asked to identify the industry’s “lender of second-to-last resort” from a list, she paused on the correct answer: the FHLB system.
“Sounds made-up,” she said.
When deposit runs at regional banks began making headlines around the world in March, few eyes were on the FHLBs as they furiously raised money to meet the incoming demand to aid banks, issuing $304 billion of debt in one week alone.
“People underestimate how much value they bring,” said Ted Tozer, the former president of Ginnie Mae. “The record number of advances this year when there was contagion shows a lot of it happens under the covers. The FHLBs are the shock absorbers.”
FHLBs can react so quickly because it’s hard for them to lose. They have a so-called super lien on the money they lend, putting them at the front of the line to get repaid if a bank collapses. The FHLBs note that any secured lender would take priority in the event of a bank failure.
But insiders say the super lien contributes to features of FHLB loans that can make them especially egregious. It's not uncommon for banks to bend accounting rules to get bigger advances. There's also little incentive to do thorough due diligence.
“You can look at who they are lending to and see it’s not because they’re doing a good job screening for bank quality,” said Kathryn Judge, a Columbia Law School professor who focuses on financial regulation. “It’s a byproduct of the fact there’s a mechanism in place to protect their interests.”
Two people who worked in different FHLBs for more than a decade said they never saw a loan turned down, no matter how poor the financial health of an institution. What matters, they said, is getting collateral — US Treasuries, home loans, mortgage-backed securities and other real estate assets.
*Though banks often have to pledge more collateral than they borrow, they have found ways to maximize the value of that collateral. Normally, firms label assets they intend to hold short term as “available for sale.” If the value of those assets fall in the market, the bank marks them down on its books and takes an immediate hit to its earnings. *
But firms may avoid markdowns by moving assets to a longer-term accounting bucket dubbed “held-to-maturity.” That allows them to preserve the value of collateral they present when borrowing from an FHLB.
Charles Schwab Corp.’s banking arm shifted $189 billion of agency mortgage-backed securities to that category last year. The firm borrowed $12.4 billion from the FHLB system through the end of 2022, and had the capacity to borrow $68.6 billion, according to an annual report. In the first quarter of 2023, its FHLB loans more than tripled.
The FHLBs don’t track how banks use their financing. The lifelines can help troubled banks avoid fire sales of assets. But if a firm’s balance sheet is in bad shape, collateralized lending may do little more than postpone the bank’s inevitable demise, potentially letting losses worsen. The Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. is left to clean up the mess.
“That delay makes a difference,” said Judge, the law professor. “Fresh liquidity allows them to limp on longer rather than evaluate their own viability.”
After the Fed embarked on a rapid series of rate hikes early last year, Silicon Valley Bank, Signature Bank and First Republic watched their assets lose value and their financial condition worsen until depositors panicked and FHLB lifelines were no longer enough. The FDIC estimates their failures will cost its main insurance fund more than $31 billion, including coverage of uninsured deposits that will be paid by a special assessment on the industry.
Meanwhile, the FHLBs and their lobbying arm boast that they’ve never had a loss on a loan in more than eight decades.
Large banks borrow from many sources, sometimes including more than one FHLB, putting the regional hubs under pressure to compete for business. A former official described how one of the nation’s four giant commercial banks played regional FHLBs off of each other, scoring better rates and terms.
Earlier this year, the FHLB of Chicago announced a sweetener for its members: “Early bird discounts.”
Through May 31, the FHLB promised better rates for loans given before 10 a.m. Banks could also get “volume discounts” if they took out advances larger than $100 million, according to its website.
Such gamesmanship irks policy advocates such as Aaron Klein, a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution. “No banks should be able to arbitrage the FHLBs against each other,” he said. “Members should only be allowed one.”
Chicago FHLB’s Ericson said that enticing members to come in the morning helps with planning and that it’s increasingly common for banks to borrow from just one FHLB.
Last year, the FHLB’s overseer — the Federal Housing Finance Agency — announced it would conduct a sweeping review of the system to consider whether it needs to be dramatically reshaped. The agency’s director, Sandra Thompson, later signaled dissatisfaction: “The status quo is not acceptable,” she said at a Brookings symposium in February.
But in the wake of March’s regional banking blowup, Biden administration regulators have been emphasizing the importance of FHLBs in stabilizing the industry’s balance sheets. “Through this period of market stress, the FHLBanks remained in a safe and sound condition and continued to serve their critical role,” Thompson told a congressional panel in May.
Her agency’s recommendations are expected later this year.
Some FHLBs are starting to voluntarily pay 50% more than required to housing affordability, and others are in the process of doing so, Donovan wrote to Thompson in March. That would raise their contribution to 15% of their profits.
Meanwhile, there’s a measure for consideration in Congress that would boost it to 20%. Housing advocates say that’s not enough, arguing that improving affordability should be a more central part of the business model than carving off a slice.
That wouldn’t include offering better financing terms to Community Development Financial Institutions, which fill gaps in lending to communities, such as minorities or people with low incomes or living in rural areas. The organizations often have to put up more collateral than banks and have a harder time accessing funding even though they more directly address affordability.
The FHLBs now have around 6,800 members. About 1% are CDFIs. At the same time, more than 500 insurers, including giants like MetLife Inc. that no longer play a pivotal role in housing, are some of the system’s biggest borrowers. On its website, investment firm Wellington Management urges insurers to burnish their profits by drawing even more FHLB money for leverage.
“You can be outraged but the outrage is in their purpose,” said Morrison, the former Federal Housing Finance Board chair. “The question is whether we really need this huge trillion-dollar institution or if they should be restyled. They serve a private purpose with public subsidy.”

Please, feel free to add any events below! Check out the Visitor's Guide for more things to do around town!
Looking to meet up with people? Check out Meetup St. Louis.
​
Be sure to continue scrolling past the Weekly Events for Trivia Nights, Live Music, Sporting Events, Local Comedy, and more!
​

• Blues on the Block at National Blues Museum
  • Every Saturday until August 5th
  • Come on down to the corner of Washington Ave. and 6th Street from 4 to 7 PM. Bring your lawn chair!
• Brentwood Summer Beats
  • June 9, 2023
  • Join others for an evening of music in Brentwood Park!
• Cardinals HOF Presents Flashback Fridays
  • June 9, 2023
  • Visit the Cardinals Museum for a candid interview in Sportsman’s Park Theater with 2006 Cardinals World Champion Gary Bennett on Friday, June 9th at 4:00pm.
• Cardinals HOF Presents Saturday Signings
  • June 10, 2023
  • Saturday, June 10th is Saturday Signings with 2006 Cardinals World Champion Gary Bennett from 10am-12pm in the Cardinals Museum!
• Central West End Cocktail Party
  • June 10, 2023
  • Mark your calendars for the 7th Annual Central West End Cocktail Party on Saturday June 10, 2023, from 5-10 PM! Enjoy live entertainment, a cocktail competition, and food and drinks available for purchase from CWE bars and restaurants. Grab your friends and family for a fun-filled evening, featuring live music, street performers, fire dancers, roller skaters and more!
• Cherokee Pop Shop
  • June 10, 2023
  • Join others at the Rita Ford Community Center, where talented artisans will gather to showcase their handmade goods, art, fashion, jewelry and more. This is a perfect opportunity to discover new artists, support local businesses, and connect with the vibrant community of St. Louis. With live music, food & drink trucks, the Cherokee Pop Shop is a must-visit event for anyone who loves creativity, community, and shopping.
• Chess at the Brewery
  • Every Wednesday
  • Local meetup group of chess players that meet at breweries on Wednesday nights. They rotate locations each week.
  • See their Instagram (https://www.instagram.com/chessatthebrewery/) for the location this week.
• Chihuly in the Missouri Botanical Garden
  • Running until October 15, 2023
  • The work of world-renowned artist Dale Chihuly is coming to the Missouri Botanical Garden in a stunning exhibition uniting art and nature. With thousands of pieces of blown glass forms in 20 dramatic installations throughout the Garden’s grounds, Chihuly in the Garden 2023 presents these artworks on a grand scale
• Circus Flora presents "Undercover"
  • June 1 - 25, 2023
  • This summer, Circus Flora enters the daring world of espionage! With nods to beloved spy stories throughout the years, Undercover introduces the world’s top double agent who faces an archvillain obsessed with world domination. Our spy has plenty of helpful allies – but the villain has a team, too. Will good overcome bad . . . and how? Aerialists, acrobats, contortionists, and comedians will craft this thrilling story, which will captivate your whole family!
• City Social on Washington Avenue
  • June 9, 2023
  • City Social, downtown St. Louis’ ultimate summer block party, returns on June 9 from 4 to 9 p.m.
  • Free and open to all, the event will take place on Washington Avenue between Tucker Boulevard and 14th Street. This is your chance to kick back, relax and enjoy live music with family, friends, neighbors and coworkers.
• Family Night with Fredbird
  • Wednesdays
  • Join others at Cardinals Nation Restaurant & Bar for Family Night with Fredbird on select Wednesday evenings this off-season! Bring your family down for games, prizes, and meet Fredbird from 6:30-7:30pm.
• Ferguson Farmers’ Market
  • Every Saturday
  • Enjoy live music and special events in a festive family atmosphere, and discover a wide variety of edible delights, including homemade jelly, farm fresh eggs, honey, spices, and meats. You’ll also find an ever-changing array of gift and specialty vendors, selling everything from cut flowers and bedding plants to hand-painted artwork and small-batch soaps.
  • If it’s homemade, handmade or fresh and tasty, you can buy it at the Ferguson Farmers’ Market.
• Golf the Galleries at The Sheldon
  • June 9, 2023
  • Join others for the 6th season of this playable, artist-designed, nine-hole mini golf installation, designed to be inclusive, family friendly and accessible. All proceeds from Golf the Galleries support The Sheldon’s visual arts programming, offering opportunities for local and national artists to share their work with the St. Louis community through free gallery exhibitions and educational programs.
• Juneteeth Celebration in the Delmar Loop
  • June 10, 2023
  • Expect live art demonstrations, including a community mural painting; animated performances from the Red and Black Brass Band, DJ KP and more; bounce houses, face painting and other activities for the whole family.
• Karaoke Wednesdays at HandleBar
  • Every Wednesday
  • Browse the catalog and find your favorite songs to sing! Songbookslive.com/stlredcarpet
• Karaoke Wednesdays at Mack's Bar & Grill
  • Every Wednesday
• Lafayette Square Summer Concert Series
  • June 3, 2023
  • As part of Lafayette Square’s free summer concert series, Power Play Band will perform in Lafayette Park on June 3. Spanning genres such as jazz, classic rock, R&B, swing, Latin and pop, Power Play does it all! Gather friends and family, pack food and beverages, and don’t miss this lively event.
• Landmarks Downtown Walking Tours
  • Every Saturday
  • Landmarks Downtown St. Louis Walking Tours: History, Culture, Architecture, and Exercise: What could be better on a Saturday morning?
• Open Mic Night at Schlafly Bottleworks (Maplewood)
  • Every Wednesday
  • Join others every Wednesday evening and showcase your talents with our Open Mic Night! Open sign up begins at 6:30PM with music starting at 7:00PM. They welcome original material, covers and spoken word! Grab a beer, then play and listen every Wednesday! There are no cover charges and no drink minimums to attend.
• Picnic in your Park at the Arch
  • June 11, 2023
  • Join others at the third annual Picnic in Your Park. Picnic in Your Park raises awareness and critical funds for their mission of park conservation, preservation, education and community programs.
• Rockin' the Riverfront at the Arch
  • Every Friday & Saturday
  • Gateway Arch Park Foundation presents a new series, Rockin' the Riverfront, to bring fun, summer-long, family-friendly entertainment along the St. Louis’ Riverfront to enhance your trip down to the Arch, riverboats and surrounding parks!
• Sensory-Friendly Family Night at the Missouri Botanical Garden
  • June 5, 2023
  • Explore, discover and experience the beauty of the Missouri Botanical Garden at this family-friendly event, which allows children and adults with sensory-processing needs to experience the attraction in a secure environment.
  • Attendees will be able to participate in hands-on activities, play in the Children’s Garden and explore the indoor Brookings Exploration Center, which features a calming corner.
  • Musical guest Low Rent District will perform during the event, and Different Dynamics will join for interactive music activities.
• Shakespeare in the Park: Twelfth Night
  • May 31 - June 25, 2023
  • Often regarded as William Shakespeare’s greatest comedy, Twelfth Night is bursting with romance, music and high times.
  • Shakespeare in the Park is free to attend; no reservations are required. Just show up with your blankets, chairs and picnics and find a spot on the lawn. Shakespeare Glen opens at 6:30. Food by Steve’s Hot Dogs is available for purchase, and drinks by STL Barkeep.
• Soccer Pre-Match Street Party at Schlafly Tap Room
  • June 10, 2023
  • Join others before every City SC home match for a Street Party with the St. Louligans Soccer Supporters Group. They will block off the street next to the Tap Room (now known as Louligan Street) so fans can enjoy good beer, great food, music and fun before they march over to the stadium together.
• Soulard Farmer's Market
  • Wednesdays - Saturdays
  • Soulard Farmers Market is located at 730 Carroll Street in St. Louis, Missouri, a half mile north of the Anheuser-Busch Brewery. The market is open Wednesday through Saturday, year round. They feature locally grown and shipped in goods, including: produce, meats, cheeses, spices, gourmet kettle corn, flowers, baked goods, and general merchandise. There are also several different eateries that have many food options, which allows customers the convenience to grab a quick bite to eat and a drink while shopping.
• St. Louis Soap Box Derby
  • June 11, 2023
  • The All-American Soap Box Derby is a youth racing program, which has run nationally since 1934. Hosted by the St. Louis Jaycees, the regional St. Louis race has been held each June on The Hill for more than 15 years.
• Summer Beer & Food Pairing at the Biergarten
  • June 9, 2023
  • This beer and food pairing at the Anheuser-Busch Biergarten will get you ready for summer.
  • The meal begins with pineapple-chicken kebabs paired with Beach Bum, a combination of Kona Big Wave Golden Ale and Mango Cart, and a summer solstice salad accompanied by Stella Artois Solstice Lager. The entrée will be Spanish paella paired with Cutwater Lime Margarita, followed by a dreamsicle float for dessert and a NÜTRL Orange Hard Seltzer to wash it down.
• Sunrise Yoga at Kiener Plaza
  • Every Tuesday
  • Awaken your body and bask in the morning sunlight! This gentle yoga practice is designed to energize and align your body and mind through movement and breath. Bring your own mat/towel and water bottle.
• Thursday Nights at the Museum
  • Every Thursday
  • Kick off your weekend at the Missouri History Museum in Forest Park! Each Thursday Night at the Museum will be the most fun, engaging, uplifting, thought-provoking, perspective-shaping night of your week. And there are drinks.
  • Join others starting at 5:30pm for happy hour and pop-up activities, such as brief tours, games, and performances. The main stage comes to life at 6:30pm, light appetizers and drinks are available for purchase until 7:00pm, and the Museum’s exhibits are open until 8:00pm for you to explore!
• Tower Grove Farmer's Market
  • Every Tuesday & Saturday
  • Join others every Saturday of the 2023 Tower Grove Farmers Market Season. They'll have over 100 vendors with local produce, meat, flowers, eggs, honey, prepared foods, art, jewelry, live music, and so much more.
• Twangfest at Off Broadway
  • June 7 - 10, 2023
  • Twangfest, a nonprofit grassroots music festival presented by Urban Chestnut Brewing Co., returns to St. Louis from June 7 to 10.
  • Held at Off Broadway, Twangfest will feature the best in live Americana, country, folk, pop, rock and soul. This year’s lineup includes Black Joe Lewis, James McMurtry, Nadine, The Waco Brothers and more.
• Whitaker Music Festival
  • Every Wednesday until August 2nd
  • The Missouri Botanical Garden is an idyllic place to listen to live music. On Wednesday evenings throughout the summer, the garden hosts free, open-air concerts as part of the annual Whitaker Music Festival.

​

Sporting Events This Week	Attractions Around the Area	Comedy This Week
St. Louis Cardinals schedule	Anheuser-Busch Brewery	Funny Bone Comedy Club
St. Louis Blues schedule	City Museum	Helium Comedy Club
St. Louis City SC schedule	Gateway Arch	The Improv Shop
St. Louis Battlehawks schedule	Missouri History Museum
St. Louis Billikens schedule	National Blues Museum
Gateway Grizzlies schedule	St. Louis Aquarium
Gateway Motorsports Park	St. Louis Art Museum
St. Louis Ambush schedule	St. Louis Science Center
	St. Louis Zoo

​

Trivia Nights
Location	Date/Time	More Information
Anheuser-Busch Biergarten	Tuesdays 6:00 pm - 8:00 pm	Trivia Details
Bar K	Tuesdays at 7:00 pm
City Foundry	Thursdays 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm
Joey B's on the Hill	Mondays 8:30 pm - 10:30 pm	Trivia Details
Nick's Pub	Mondays
Felix's Pizza Pub	Tuesdays at 8:00 pm	Trivia Details
Schlafly Brewpubs (Any Location)	Tuesdays 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm	Trivia Details
Rockwell Beer Co	Tuesdays	Trivia Details (Reservations required)
The Mack	Tuesdays at 8:00 pm	Trivia Details
The Pat Connolly Tavern	Wednesdays at 7:00 pm
The Post	Wednesdays 8:00 pm - 10:00 pm	Trivia Details
Pieces Board Game Bar & Cafe	Wednesdays	Trivia Details
HandleBar	Thursdays at 7:00 pm - 9:00 pm	Trivia Details
Steve's Hot Dogs	Tuesdays 7:30 pm - 9:30 pm	Trivia Details

​

Live Music This Week
Music Venues	Live Music Around Town
Blueberry Hill Duck Room	1860 Saloon
Chesterfield Amphitheater	BB's Jazz, Blues & Soups
Delmar Hall	Broadway Oyster Bar
Enterprise Center	City Foundry
The Fabulous Fox Theatre	Gallery Pub
The Factory	Game 6 Honky Tonk
Hollywood Casino Amphitheatre	Gaslight Lounge
Off Broadway	The Heavy Anchor
Old Rock House	Jazz St. Louis
The Pageant	Joe's Cafe
Red Flag	The Lot on the Landing
The Sheldon	McGurk's
St. Louis Music Park	SoFar St. Louis Secret performances around town
St. Louis Symphony Concert Calendar	Venice Cafe
Stifel Theatre	Yaquis on Cherokee

​

Recurring Outdoor Activities
Big Muddy Adventures – STL Riverfront Adventure	Big Muddy Adventures was established in 2002. They are the first professional outfitteguiding company providing access to the wild wonders of the Middle Mississippi and Lower Missouri Rivers.
Gateway Arch Events	There are a variety of things to do along the Mississippi River.
Hidden Valley Ski Resort	Ziplining, scenic chairlift rides, and hiking trails opened during the summer. Skiing, snowboarding during the winter.

Hey y'all, this is fganniversaries again. Like last week, I will be recapping anniversaries relating to fighting game announcements/releases this week. Like always, if I missed one, do please let me know in the comments. Here would be the following anniversaries:
June 5

• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.54.23 Change Log
• 2020: Melty Blood Remastered OST - Gなアイツ, Countdown, Chinese Girl, & Remember!
• 2018: BlazBlue: Cross Tag Battle releasing on consoles and PC at NA. + Launch Trailer & Developer Message/Deluxe Edition GB Pounds Price Error
• 2017: Tekken Retro Recap - Part #2
• 2015: SSB4 Lucas Release Date Reveal
• 2014: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle - Yoshikage Kira & Shigekiyo Yangu Gameplay Combo Trailer
• 2014: P4AU Yukiko Amagi & Yosuke Hanamura Gameplay Trailers
• 2014: SSB4 06-05-14 Director’s Room Post - Stage Background Events
• 2014: USFIV Balance Change Videos for Oni, Rufus, Cody
• 2013: JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle Rohan, Kira & Kars Screenshots & Details
• 2012: Persona 4 Arena E3 2012 Trailer
• 2012: Virtua Fighter 5: Final Showdown releasing on PS3 via PSN.
• 2009: Winner Takes the Crown…and an Arcade Cabinet! King of Fighters XII Tournament
• 2008: Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit originally releasing on the PS3 and Xbox 360 at JP.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on What Are Poké Balls? & Groudon

June 6

• 2021: Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Hinokami Chronicles Character Intro Trailer #13 - Kimetsu Academu #1
• 2021: Guilty Gear -Strive- Early Access Showcase/Opening Movie & Launch Trailer/TFG Interview
• 2021: NGPC Vol. 1 Patch Release
• 2019: Samurai Shodown (2019) - Tam Tam Gameplay Trailer
• 2019: Stadia Connect 6.6.2019 + BFTG/SS7/MK11 Port Reveals
• 2018: SNK Heroines Tag Team Frenzy Luong Reveal Trailer
• 2016: UNIST Mika Reveal
• 2015: SFV Ryu Promotional Card + Vines
• 2014: P4AU Cover Art Reveal
• 2014: SSB4 06-06-2014 Director’s Room Post - Coliseum Stage Reveal
• 2014: UNIB Eltnum 2014 Birthday Illustration
• 2014: USFIV Poison, Hugo, Elena, Decapre, & Rolento Combofiend Tutorials/New System Mechanics Overview
• 2012: Virtua Fighter 5: Final Showdown releasing on Xbox 360 via XBLA.
• 2008: Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit releasing on PS3 and Xbox 360 at EU.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on You must recover!
• 2002: Rage of the Dragons originally releasing at arcades worldwide.
• 2002: Shaman King: Spirit of Shamans releasing on PS1 at JP exclusively.
• 2001: Capcom vs. SNK: Millennium Fight 2000 Pro originally releasing at arcades at NA/JP.

June 7

• 2022: Street Fighter 6 - Game Face Feature
• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.55.0 Change Log
• 2018: BBTag Additional Characters Vol. 2-3 & Yang Release Date Reveal + v1.01 Patch
• 2017: ACA Neo Geo The Last Blade Trailer
• 2017: Killer Instinct (2013) Eagle Colors
• 2016: Guilty Gear Xrd -Revelator- releasing on PS3/PS4 at NA.
• 2016: Injustice 2 Poster Reveal + Ed Boon Response
• 2015: GGXrd Revelator Loketest Footage
• 2013: UNIEL Character Silhouette
• 2012: The Last Blade releasing on Wii Virtual Console at NA.
• 2011: Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS & Wii U Original Announcement at E3 2011
• 2011: Tekken Hybrid E3 2011 Original Announcement Trailer + Screenshots/Blood Vengenance E3 2011 Trailer
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on Kirby & Pikachu

June 8

• 2021: Guilty Gear Strive Early Access Period Beginning.
• 2021: KOFXV Trailer #22 Silhouette Teaser
• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.55.1 - 0.55.4 Change Log
• 2020: Melty Blood Act Cadenza Remastered OST - Victimize
• 2018: ACA NeoGeo SamSho IV releasing on PS4 via PSN at NA.
• 2018: Blade Strangers: The Blade Is Forged
• 2018: DBFZ World Tour Announcement
• 2018: Dead or Alive 6 Announcement Trailer + IGN Preview
• 2018: FEXL English PV
• 2017: Tekken 7 Online Functionality Update
• 2016: Injustice 2 Announcement Trailer
• 2015: Blade Arcus from Shining Version 2.0 Announcement
• 2015: Dengeki Bunko: Fighting Climax Heavy Object‘s Quenser Barbotage and Major Froletia Capistrano Reveal
• 2015: SSB4 06-08-2015 Director’s Room Post - New Content Presentation Announcement
• 2015: Yatagarasu Attack on Cataclysm Release Date Announcement
• 2013: Tekken Revolution - Announcement Trailer
• 2012: UNIB 2nd Location Test Information
• 2011: E3 2011 Interview of Harada & Tekken + Wii U & 3DS Tekken Game Reveal
• 2010: E3 2010: Marvel vs. Capcom 3 Plans
• 2010: Karnov’s Revenge releasing on the Wii Virtual Console at JP.
• 2007: Mortal Kombat II releasing on the PS3 at EU.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on Four Kinds of Control
• 1999: SF3:3S releasing on arcades at EU.

June 9

• 2021: KOFXV - Character Trailer #22 - Luong + Screenshots
• 2021: SamSho (2019) Shiro Tokisada Amakusa Theme Preview
• 2020: FIGHT ON: The Killer Instinct Story - Full Length Documentary
• 2020: Melty Blood Act Cadenza Remastered OST - Assailant
• 2020: Them's Fightin' Herds Version 1.1.2 Patch Notes
• 2019: DOA6 Mai Shiranui & Kula Diamond Reveal Trailer
• 2019: Samurai Shodown (2019) Rimururu Gameplay Trailer
• 2018: Dead or Alive 6 Gameplay at IGN Live E3 2018
• 2018: Neo Geo Mini Online Presentation
• 2017: Rivals of Aether - Community Roundup #11
• 2017: UNIST Arcade Version Upgrade + Q&A Submissions
• 2016: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Eyes of Heaven - Chapter 5 Trailer
• 2016: KOFXIV Team Gameplay Trailer #5 - Team Kim
• 2016: SFV Cinematic Story and Additional June Updates/Street Fighter 5's Story Mode and Ibuki In Action/SFV Story Mode 1st 10 Minutes/CEO Kenny Omega Training Montage
• 2014: Killer Instinct (2013) E3 2014 Microsoft Press Conference TJ Combo Reveal Trailer
• 2014: Mortal Kombat X E3 2014 Sony Press Conference Gameplay Debut Trailer/Ermac Concept Art
• 2014: SSB4 06-09-2014 Director’s Room Post - Pokemon Appearances
• 2014: Super Ultra Dead Rising 3' Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX + α Announcement & Release Trailer
• 2014: UNIEL Nanase & Byakuya Play Videos
• 2012: Under Night In-Birth 2nd Loketest Starting/Vatista vs Orie, Merkava vs Vatista, Merkava vs Orie
• 2010: Midway Games originally being established
• 2010: Neo Geo Battle Coliseum releasing on Xbox 360 worldwide

June 10

• 2021: Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Hinokami Chronicles Kimetsu Academy Zenitsu Agatsuma, Inosuke Hashibira, and Shinobu Kocho Reveal
• 2021: SamSho (2019) Shiro Tokisada Amakusa Colors Reveal
• 2020: Melty Blood Act Cadenza Remastered OST - Starting Act Candenza, Underdog, Easy Job!, & Wanderer
• 2020: X-Men Vs. Street Fighter and MvC1 Cabinet Announcement
• 2018: Soulcalibur 6 Developer Interview with Bandai Namco Producer Motohiro Okubo
• 2017: Killer Instinct (2013) Eagle’s Accessories
• 2016: Guilty Gear Xrd -Revelator- releasing on PS3/PS4 at EU.
• 2016: SFV Extra Battle & Story Screenshots
• 2016: UNIB June 23, 2016 Weekly Famitsu Issue Details
• 2015: Street Fighter V V-System Announcement
• 2014: Guilty Gear Xrd -SIGN- Stage Demo - E3 2014
• 2014: Killer Instinct (2013) - E3 2014 TJ Combo Stage Demo & Gameplay Footage
• 2014: Mortal Kombat X - Scorpion vs D'Vorah / Sub-Zero vs Ferra/Torr PS4 Gameplay Demo E3 2014
• 2014: Nintendo E3 2014 Digital Event/Mii Fighters Reveal Trailer + Palutena Reveal Trailer + Pac-Man Announcement Reveal Trailer/SSB4 06-10-2014 Director’s Room Post - Golden Plains Stage Reveal
• 2014: Persona 4 Arena Ultimax: E3 Trailer
• 2013: BlazBlue Chrono Phantasma E3 2013 Trailer
• 2013: JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle 5th Trailer
• 2013: Killer Instinct (2013) Original Announcement Trailer + Jago Reveal/Rebuilding the Killer Instinct Arcade Experience
• 2010: Mortal Kombat (2011) Announcement Trailer
• 2008: Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit releasing on PS3 and Xbox 360 at NA.
• 1999: SamSho II releasing on the NGPC at JP.

June 11

• 2021: Guilty Gear Strive originally releasing on PS4 & PC via Steam WW.
• 2021: SamSho (2019) Shiro Tokisada Amakusa Special Attacks
• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.55.5 Change Log
• 2020: Samurai Shodown Neo Geo Collection originally releasing on PC via EGS.
• 2020: SamSho 7 releasing on PC via EGS.
• 2019: SSBU E3 2019 Hero Reveal Trailer & Screenshots + Banjo & Kazooie Reveal Trailer & Screenshots/Incineroar, Chrom, Richter & Simon Amiibo Reveal/Grant Kirkhope Message
• 2017: Blade Strangers E3 2017 Reveal
• 2017: DBFZ E3 2017 Announcement Trailer
• 2016: Injustice 2 - Gameplay Reveal Trailer
• 2016: Senran Kagura’s Homura being announced to join Nitroplus Blasterz: Heroines Infinite Duel
• 2015: Dragon Ball Z: Extreme Butōden originally releasing on the Nintendo 3DS at JP.
• 2015: Street Fighter V - Battle System Trailer
• 2015: USFIV Ver. 1.03 Patch Release
• 2014: Killer Instinct (2013) E3 2014 TJ Combo Maximillian Dood Gameplay Footage + Adam Heart Mirror Match
• 2014: SFV Early Planning Stages/Press Release Article
• 2014: Super Ultra Dead Rising 3 Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX Plus Alpha Is Actually a Thing
• 2014: UNIEL Byakua Famitsu Reveal + Magazine Scan
• 2014: Guilty Gear Xrd -Sign- E3 2014 Trailer
• 2014: Mortal Kombat X Gameplay Demo -IGN Live: E3 2014
• 2014: Persona 4 Arena: Ultimax Pre-Order Reveal
• 2013: BlazBlue Chrono Phantasma E3 Trailer E3 2013
• 2013: DOA5U E3 2013 Trailer
• 2013: Killer Instinct (2013) Developer Gameplay Footage + Sabrewulf Combo Montage
• 2013: SSB4 Official Reveal & Website Launch/E3 2013 1st Gameplay Trailer & Villager + Mega Man Reveal Trailer + Wii Fit Trainer Reveal Trailer + Developer Direct Video/Director’s Room 1st Pic of the Day/Day 1 Full Recap
• 2013: Tekken Revolution originally releasing on PS3 via PSN at NA.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on Fox
• 2001: Game Boy Advance releasing at NA.
• 1998: Super Gem Fighter Mini Mix/Pocket Fighter releasing on the PS1 at JP.
• 1998: X-Men vs SF releasing on the PS1 at NA.

Sometime this Month

• 1996: Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 releasing on the Sega Saturn at EU.
• 1995: Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden 2 releasing as a SNES exclusive at EU.
• 1995: Street Fighter: The Movie originally releasing at arcades.
• 1994: Dragon Ball Z: Buyū Retsuden releasing on Sega Mega Drive at EU.

Hey y'all, this is fganniversaries again. Like last week, I will be recapping anniversaries relating to fighting game announcements/releases this week. Like always, if I missed one, do please let me know in the comments. Here would be the following anniversaries:
June 5

• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.54.23 Change Log
• 2020: Melty Blood Remastered OST - Gなアイツ, Countdown, Chinese Girl, & Remember!
• 2018: BlazBlue: Cross Tag Battle releasing on consoles and PC at NA. + Launch Trailer & Developer Message/Deluxe Edition GB Pounds Price Error
• 2017: Tekken Retro Recap - Part #2
• 2015: SSB4 Lucas Release Date Reveal
• 2014: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle - Yoshikage Kira & Shigekiyo Yangu Gameplay Combo Trailer
• 2014: P4AU Yukiko Amagi & Yosuke Hanamura Gameplay Trailers
• 2014: SSB4 06-05-14 Director’s Room Post - Stage Background Events
• 2014: USFIV Balance Change Videos for Oni, Rufus, Cody
• 2013: JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle Rohan, Kira & Kars Screenshots & Details
• 2012: Persona 4 Arena E3 2012 Trailer
• 2012: Virtua Fighter 5: Final Showdown releasing on PS3 via PSN.
• 2009: Winner Takes the Crown…and an Arcade Cabinet! King of Fighters XII Tournament
• 2008: Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit originally releasing on the PS3 and Xbox 360 at JP.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on What Are Poké Balls? & Groudon

June 6

• 2021: Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Hinokami Chronicles Character Intro Trailer #13 - Kimetsu Academu #1
• 2021: Guilty Gear -Strive- Early Access Showcase/Opening Movie & Launch Trailer/TFG Interview
• 2021: NGPC Vol. 1 Patch Release
• 2019: Samurai Shodown (2019) - Tam Tam Gameplay Trailer
• 2019: Stadia Connect 6.6.2019 + BFTG/SS7/MK11 Port Reveals
• 2018: SNK Heroines Tag Team Frenzy Luong Reveal Trailer
• 2016: UNIST Mika Reveal
• 2015: SFV Ryu Promotional Card + Vines
• 2014: P4AU Cover Art Reveal
• 2014: SSB4 06-06-2014 Director’s Room Post - Coliseum Stage Reveal
• 2014: UNIB Eltnum 2014 Birthday Illustration
• 2014: USFIV Poison, Hugo, Elena, Decapre, & Rolento Combofiend Tutorials/New System Mechanics Overview
• 2012: Virtua Fighter 5: Final Showdown releasing on Xbox 360 via XBLA.
• 2008: Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit releasing on PS3 and Xbox 360 at EU.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on You must recover!
• 2002: Rage of the Dragons originally releasing at arcades worldwide.
• 2002: Shaman King: Spirit of Shamans releasing on PS1 at JP exclusively.
• 2001: Capcom vs. SNK: Millennium Fight 2000 Pro originally releasing at arcades at NA/JP.

June 7

• 2022: Street Fighter 6 - Game Face Feature
• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.55.0 Change Log
• 2018: BBTag Additional Characters Vol. 2-3 & Yang Release Date Reveal + v1.01 Patch
• 2017: ACA Neo Geo The Last Blade Trailer
• 2017: Killer Instinct (2013) Eagle Colors
• 2016: Guilty Gear Xrd -Revelator- releasing on PS3/PS4 at NA.
• 2016: Injustice 2 Poster Reveal + Ed Boon Response
• 2015: GGXrd Revelator Loketest Footage
• 2013: UNIEL Character Silhouette
• 2012: The Last Blade releasing on Wii Virtual Console at NA.
• 2011: Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS & Wii U Original Announcement at E3 2011
• 2011: Tekken Hybrid E3 2011 Original Announcement Trailer + Screenshots/Blood Vengenance E3 2011 Trailer
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on Kirby & Pikachu

June 8

• 2021: Guilty Gear Strive Early Access Period Beginning.
• 2021: KOFXV Trailer #22 Silhouette Teaser
• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.55.1 - 0.55.4 Change Log
• 2020: Melty Blood Act Cadenza Remastered OST - Victimize
• 2018: ACA NeoGeo SamSho IV releasing on PS4 via PSN at NA.
• 2018: Blade Strangers: The Blade Is Forged
• 2018: DBFZ World Tour Announcement
• 2018: Dead or Alive 6 Announcement Trailer + IGN Preview
• 2018: FEXL English PV
• 2017: Tekken 7 Online Functionality Update
• 2016: Injustice 2 Announcement Trailer
• 2015: Blade Arcus from Shining Version 2.0 Announcement
• 2015: Dengeki Bunko: Fighting Climax Heavy Object‘s Quenser Barbotage and Major Froletia Capistrano Reveal
• 2015: SSB4 06-08-2015 Director’s Room Post - New Content Presentation Announcement
• 2015: Yatagarasu Attack on Cataclysm Release Date Announcement
• 2013: Tekken Revolution - Announcement Trailer
• 2012: UNIB 2nd Location Test Information
• 2011: E3 2011 Interview of Harada & Tekken + Wii U & 3DS Tekken Game Reveal
• 2010: E3 2010: Marvel vs. Capcom 3 Plans
• 2010: Karnov’s Revenge releasing on the Wii Virtual Console at JP.
• 2007: Mortal Kombat II releasing on the PS3 at EU.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on Four Kinds of Control
• 1999: SF3:3S releasing on arcades at EU.

June 9

• 2021: KOFXV - Character Trailer #22 - Luong + Screenshots
• 2021: SamSho (2019) Shiro Tokisada Amakusa Theme Preview
• 2020: FIGHT ON: The Killer Instinct Story - Full Length Documentary
• 2020: Melty Blood Act Cadenza Remastered OST - Assailant
• 2020: Them's Fightin' Herds Version 1.1.2 Patch Notes
• 2019: DOA6 Mai Shiranui & Kula Diamond Reveal Trailer
• 2019: Samurai Shodown (2019) Rimururu Gameplay Trailer
• 2018: Dead or Alive 6 Gameplay at IGN Live E3 2018
• 2018: Neo Geo Mini Online Presentation
• 2017: Rivals of Aether - Community Roundup #11
• 2017: UNIST Arcade Version Upgrade + Q&A Submissions
• 2016: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Eyes of Heaven - Chapter 5 Trailer
• 2016: KOFXIV Team Gameplay Trailer #5 - Team Kim
• 2016: SFV Cinematic Story and Additional June Updates/Street Fighter 5's Story Mode and Ibuki In Action/SFV Story Mode 1st 10 Minutes/CEO Kenny Omega Training Montage
• 2014: Killer Instinct (2013) E3 2014 Microsoft Press Conference TJ Combo Reveal Trailer
• 2014: Mortal Kombat X E3 2014 Sony Press Conference Gameplay Debut Trailer/Ermac Concept Art
• 2014: SSB4 06-09-2014 Director’s Room Post - Pokemon Appearances
• 2014: Super Ultra Dead Rising 3' Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX + α Announcement & Release Trailer
• 2014: UNIEL Nanase & Byakuya Play Videos
• 2012: Under Night In-Birth 2nd Loketest Starting/Vatista vs Orie, Merkava vs Vatista, Merkava vs Orie
• 2010: Midway Games originally being established
• 2010: Neo Geo Battle Coliseum releasing on Xbox 360 worldwide

June 10

• 2021: Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Hinokami Chronicles Kimetsu Academy Zenitsu Agatsuma, Inosuke Hashibira, and Shinobu Kocho Reveal
• 2021: SamSho (2019) Shiro Tokisada Amakusa Colors Reveal
• 2020: Melty Blood Act Cadenza Remastered OST - Starting Act Candenza, Underdog, Easy Job!, & Wanderer
• 2020: X-Men Vs. Street Fighter and MvC1 Cabinet Announcement
• 2018: Soulcalibur 6 Developer Interview with Bandai Namco Producer Motohiro Okubo
• 2017: Killer Instinct (2013) Eagle’s Accessories
• 2016: Guilty Gear Xrd -Revelator- releasing on PS3/PS4 at EU.
• 2016: SFV Extra Battle & Story Screenshots
• 2016: UNIB June 23, 2016 Weekly Famitsu Issue Details
• 2015: Street Fighter V V-System Announcement
• 2014: Guilty Gear Xrd -SIGN- Stage Demo - E3 2014
• 2014: Killer Instinct (2013) - E3 2014 TJ Combo Stage Demo & Gameplay Footage
• 2014: Mortal Kombat X - Scorpion vs D'Vorah / Sub-Zero vs Ferra/Torr PS4 Gameplay Demo E3 2014
• 2014: Nintendo E3 2014 Digital Event/Mii Fighters Reveal Trailer + Palutena Reveal Trailer + Pac-Man Announcement Reveal Trailer/SSB4 06-10-2014 Director’s Room Post - Golden Plains Stage Reveal
• 2014: Persona 4 Arena Ultimax: E3 Trailer
• 2013: BlazBlue Chrono Phantasma E3 2013 Trailer
• 2013: JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle 5th Trailer
• 2013: Killer Instinct (2013) Original Announcement Trailer + Jago Reveal/Rebuilding the Killer Instinct Arcade Experience
• 2010: Mortal Kombat (2011) Announcement Trailer
• 2008: Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit releasing on PS3 and Xbox 360 at NA.
• 1999: SamSho II releasing on the NGPC at JP.

June 11

• 2021: Guilty Gear Strive originally releasing on PS4 & PC via Steam WW.
• 2021: SamSho (2019) Shiro Tokisada Amakusa Special Attacks
• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.55.5 Change Log
• 2020: Samurai Shodown Neo Geo Collection originally releasing on PC via EGS.
• 2020: SamSho 7 releasing on PC via EGS.
• 2019: SSBU E3 2019 Hero Reveal Trailer & Screenshots + Banjo & Kazooie Reveal Trailer & Screenshots/Incineroar, Chrom, Richter & Simon Amiibo Reveal/Grant Kirkhope Message
• 2017: Blade Strangers E3 2017 Reveal
• 2017: DBFZ E3 2017 Announcement Trailer
• 2016: Injustice 2 - Gameplay Reveal Trailer
• 2016: Senran Kagura’s Homura being announced to join Nitroplus Blasterz: Heroines Infinite Duel
• 2015: Dragon Ball Z: Extreme Butōden originally releasing on the Nintendo 3DS at JP.
• 2015: Street Fighter V - Battle System Trailer
• 2015: USFIV Ver. 1.03 Patch Release
• 2014: Killer Instinct (2013) E3 2014 TJ Combo Maximillian Dood Gameplay Footage + Adam Heart Mirror Match
• 2014: SFV Early Planning Stages/Press Release Article
• 2014: Super Ultra Dead Rising 3 Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX Plus Alpha Is Actually a Thing
• 2014: UNIEL Byakua Famitsu Reveal + Magazine Scan
• 2014: Guilty Gear Xrd -Sign- E3 2014 Trailer
• 2014: Mortal Kombat X Gameplay Demo -IGN Live: E3 2014
• 2014: Persona 4 Arena: Ultimax Pre-Order Reveal
• 2013: BlazBlue Chrono Phantasma E3 Trailer E3 2013
• 2013: DOA5U E3 2013 Trailer
• 2013: Killer Instinct (2013) Developer Gameplay Footage + Sabrewulf Combo Montage
• 2013: SSB4 Official Reveal & Website Launch/E3 2013 1st Gameplay Trailer & Villager + Mega Man Reveal Trailer + Wii Fit Trainer Reveal Trailer + Developer Direct Video/Director’s Room 1st Pic of the Day/Day 1 Full Recap
• 2013: Tekken Revolution originally releasing on PS3 via PSN at NA.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on Fox
• 2001: Game Boy Advance releasing at NA.
• 1998: Super Gem Fighter Mini Mix/Pocket Fighter releasing on the PS1 at JP.
• 1998: X-Men vs SF releasing on the PS1 at NA.

Sometime this Month

• 1996: Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 releasing on the Sega Saturn at EU.
• 1995: Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden 2 releasing as a SNES exclusive at EU.
• 1995: Street Fighter: The Movie originally releasing at arcades.
• 1994: Dragon Ball Z: Buyū Retsuden releasing on Sega Mega Drive at EU.

Hey y'all, this is fganniversaries again. Like last week, I will be recapping anniversaries relating to fighting game announcements/releases this week. Like always, if I missed one, do please let me know in the comments. Here would be the following anniversaries:
June 5

• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.54.23 Change Log
• 2020: Melty Blood Remastered OST - Gなアイツ, Countdown, Chinese Girl, & Remember!
• 2018: BlazBlue: Cross Tag Battle releasing on consoles and PC at NA. + Launch Trailer & Developer Message/Deluxe Edition GB Pounds Price Error
• 2017: Tekken Retro Recap - Part #2
• 2015: SSB4 Lucas Release Date Reveal
• 2014: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle - Yoshikage Kira & Shigekiyo Yangu Gameplay Combo Trailer
• 2014: P4AU Yukiko Amagi & Yosuke Hanamura Gameplay Trailers
• 2014: SSB4 06-05-14 Director’s Room Post - Stage Background Events
• 2014: USFIV Balance Change Videos for Oni, Rufus, Cody
• 2013: JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle Rohan, Kira & Kars Screenshots & Details
• 2012: Persona 4 Arena E3 2012 Trailer
• 2012: Virtua Fighter 5: Final Showdown releasing on PS3 via PSN.
• 2009: Winner Takes the Crown…and an Arcade Cabinet! King of Fighters XII Tournament
• 2008: Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit originally releasing on the PS3 and Xbox 360 at JP.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on What Are Poké Balls? & Groudon

June 6

• 2021: Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Hinokami Chronicles Character Intro Trailer #13 - Kimetsu Academu #1
• 2021: Guilty Gear -Strive- Early Access Showcase/Opening Movie & Launch Trailer/TFG Interview
• 2021: NGPC Vol. 1 Patch Release
• 2019: Samurai Shodown (2019) - Tam Tam Gameplay Trailer
• 2019: Stadia Connect 6.6.2019 + BFTG/SS7/MK11 Port Reveals
• 2018: SNK Heroines Tag Team Frenzy Luong Reveal Trailer
• 2016: UNIST Mika Reveal
• 2015: SFV Ryu Promotional Card + Vines
• 2014: P4AU Cover Art Reveal
• 2014: SSB4 06-06-2014 Director’s Room Post - Coliseum Stage Reveal
• 2014: UNIB Eltnum 2014 Birthday Illustration
• 2014: USFIV Poison, Hugo, Elena, Decapre, & Rolento Combofiend Tutorials/New System Mechanics Overview
• 2012: Virtua Fighter 5: Final Showdown releasing on Xbox 360 via XBLA.
• 2008: Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit releasing on PS3 and Xbox 360 at EU.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on You must recover!
• 2002: Rage of the Dragons originally releasing at arcades worldwide.
• 2002: Shaman King: Spirit of Shamans releasing on PS1 at JP exclusively.
• 2001: Capcom vs. SNK: Millennium Fight 2000 Pro originally releasing at arcades at NA/JP.

June 7

• 2022: Street Fighter 6 - Game Face Feature
• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.55.0 Change Log
• 2018: BBTag Additional Characters Vol. 2-3 & Yang Release Date Reveal + v1.01 Patch
• 2017: ACA Neo Geo The Last Blade Trailer
• 2017: Killer Instinct (2013) Eagle Colors
• 2016: Guilty Gear Xrd -Revelator- releasing on PS3/PS4 at NA.
• 2016: Injustice 2 Poster Reveal + Ed Boon Response
• 2015: GGXrd Revelator Loketest Footage
• 2013: UNIEL Character Silhouette
• 2012: The Last Blade releasing on Wii Virtual Console at NA.
• 2011: Super Smash Bros. for Nintendo 3DS & Wii U Original Announcement at E3 2011
• 2011: Tekken Hybrid E3 2011 Original Announcement Trailer + Screenshots/Blood Vengenance E3 2011 Trailer
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on Kirby & Pikachu

June 8

• 2021: Guilty Gear Strive Early Access Period Beginning.
• 2021: KOFXV Trailer #22 Silhouette Teaser
• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.55.1 - 0.55.4 Change Log
• 2020: Melty Blood Act Cadenza Remastered OST - Victimize
• 2018: ACA NeoGeo SamSho IV releasing on PS4 via PSN at NA.
• 2018: Blade Strangers: The Blade Is Forged
• 2018: DBFZ World Tour Announcement
• 2018: Dead or Alive 6 Announcement Trailer + IGN Preview
• 2018: FEXL English PV
• 2017: Tekken 7 Online Functionality Update
• 2016: Injustice 2 Announcement Trailer
• 2015: Blade Arcus from Shining Version 2.0 Announcement
• 2015: Dengeki Bunko: Fighting Climax Heavy Object‘s Quenser Barbotage and Major Froletia Capistrano Reveal
• 2015: SSB4 06-08-2015 Director’s Room Post - New Content Presentation Announcement
• 2015: Yatagarasu Attack on Cataclysm Release Date Announcement
• 2013: Tekken Revolution - Announcement Trailer
• 2012: UNIB 2nd Location Test Information
• 2011: E3 2011 Interview of Harada & Tekken + Wii U & 3DS Tekken Game Reveal
• 2010: E3 2010: Marvel vs. Capcom 3 Plans
• 2010: Karnov’s Revenge releasing on the Wii Virtual Console at JP.
• 2007: Mortal Kombat II releasing on the PS3 at EU.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on Four Kinds of Control
• 1999: SF3:3S releasing on arcades at EU.

June 9

• 2021: KOFXV - Character Trailer #22 - Luong + Screenshots
• 2021: SamSho (2019) Shiro Tokisada Amakusa Theme Preview
• 2020: FIGHT ON: The Killer Instinct Story - Full Length Documentary
• 2020: Melty Blood Act Cadenza Remastered OST - Assailant
• 2020: Them's Fightin' Herds Version 1.1.2 Patch Notes
• 2019: DOA6 Mai Shiranui & Kula Diamond Reveal Trailer
• 2019: Samurai Shodown (2019) Rimururu Gameplay Trailer
• 2018: Dead or Alive 6 Gameplay at IGN Live E3 2018
• 2018: Neo Geo Mini Online Presentation
• 2017: Rivals of Aether - Community Roundup #11
• 2017: UNIST Arcade Version Upgrade + Q&A Submissions
• 2016: JoJo's Bizarre Adventure: Eyes of Heaven - Chapter 5 Trailer
• 2016: KOFXIV Team Gameplay Trailer #5 - Team Kim
• 2016: SFV Cinematic Story and Additional June Updates/Street Fighter 5's Story Mode and Ibuki In Action/SFV Story Mode 1st 10 Minutes/CEO Kenny Omega Training Montage
• 2014: Killer Instinct (2013) E3 2014 Microsoft Press Conference TJ Combo Reveal Trailer
• 2014: Mortal Kombat X E3 2014 Sony Press Conference Gameplay Debut Trailer/Ermac Concept Art
• 2014: SSB4 06-09-2014 Director’s Room Post - Pokemon Appearances
• 2014: Super Ultra Dead Rising 3' Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX + α Announcement & Release Trailer
• 2014: UNIEL Nanase & Byakuya Play Videos
• 2012: Under Night In-Birth 2nd Loketest Starting/Vatista vs Orie, Merkava vs Vatista, Merkava vs Orie
• 2010: Midway Games originally being established
• 2010: Neo Geo Battle Coliseum releasing on Xbox 360 worldwide

June 10

• 2021: Demon Slayer: Kimetsu no Yaiba – The Hinokami Chronicles Kimetsu Academy Zenitsu Agatsuma, Inosuke Hashibira, and Shinobu Kocho Reveal
• 2021: SamSho (2019) Shiro Tokisada Amakusa Colors Reveal
• 2020: Melty Blood Act Cadenza Remastered OST - Starting Act Candenza, Underdog, Easy Job!, & Wanderer
• 2020: X-Men Vs. Street Fighter and MvC1 Cabinet Announcement
• 2018: Soulcalibur 6 Developer Interview with Bandai Namco Producer Motohiro Okubo
• 2017: Killer Instinct (2013) Eagle’s Accessories
• 2016: Guilty Gear Xrd -Revelator- releasing on PS3/PS4 at EU.
• 2016: SFV Extra Battle & Story Screenshots
• 2016: UNIB June 23, 2016 Weekly Famitsu Issue Details
• 2015: Street Fighter V V-System Announcement
• 2014: Guilty Gear Xrd -SIGN- Stage Demo - E3 2014
• 2014: Killer Instinct (2013) - E3 2014 TJ Combo Stage Demo & Gameplay Footage
• 2014: Mortal Kombat X - Scorpion vs D'Vorah / Sub-Zero vs Ferra/Torr PS4 Gameplay Demo E3 2014
• 2014: Nintendo E3 2014 Digital Event/Mii Fighters Reveal Trailer + Palutena Reveal Trailer + Pac-Man Announcement Reveal Trailer/SSB4 06-10-2014 Director’s Room Post - Golden Plains Stage Reveal
• 2014: Persona 4 Arena Ultimax: E3 Trailer
• 2013: BlazBlue Chrono Phantasma E3 2013 Trailer
• 2013: JoJo’s Bizarre Adventure: All-Star Battle 5th Trailer
• 2013: Killer Instinct (2013) Original Announcement Trailer + Jago Reveal/Rebuilding the Killer Instinct Arcade Experience
• 2010: Mortal Kombat (2011) Announcement Trailer
• 2008: Dragon Ball Z: Burst Limit releasing on PS3 and Xbox 360 at NA.
• 1999: SamSho II releasing on the NGPC at JP.

June 11

• 2021: Guilty Gear Strive originally releasing on PS4 & PC via Steam WW.
• 2021: SamSho (2019) Shiro Tokisada Amakusa Special Attacks
• 2021: Tough Love Arena 0.55.5 Change Log
• 2020: Samurai Shodown Neo Geo Collection originally releasing on PC via EGS.
• 2020: SamSho 7 releasing on PC via EGS.
• 2019: SSBU E3 2019 Hero Reveal Trailer & Screenshots + Banjo & Kazooie Reveal Trailer & Screenshots/Incineroar, Chrom, Richter & Simon Amiibo Reveal/Grant Kirkhope Message
• 2017: Blade Strangers E3 2017 Reveal
• 2017: DBFZ E3 2017 Announcement Trailer
• 2016: Injustice 2 - Gameplay Reveal Trailer
• 2016: Senran Kagura’s Homura being announced to join Nitroplus Blasterz: Heroines Infinite Duel
• 2015: Dragon Ball Z: Extreme Butōden originally releasing on the Nintendo 3DS at JP.
• 2015: Street Fighter V - Battle System Trailer
• 2015: USFIV Ver. 1.03 Patch Release
• 2014: Killer Instinct (2013) E3 2014 TJ Combo Maximillian Dood Gameplay Footage + Adam Heart Mirror Match
• 2014: SFV Early Planning Stages/Press Release Article
• 2014: Super Ultra Dead Rising 3 Arcade Remix Hyper Edition EX Plus Alpha Is Actually a Thing
• 2014: UNIEL Byakua Famitsu Reveal + Magazine Scan
• 2014: Guilty Gear Xrd -Sign- E3 2014 Trailer
• 2014: Mortal Kombat X Gameplay Demo -IGN Live: E3 2014
• 2014: Persona 4 Arena: Ultimax Pre-Order Reveal
• 2013: BlazBlue Chrono Phantasma E3 Trailer E3 2013
• 2013: DOA5U E3 2013 Trailer
• 2013: Killer Instinct (2013) Developer Gameplay Footage + Sabrewulf Combo Montage
• 2013: SSB4 Official Reveal & Website Launch/E3 2013 1st Gameplay Trailer & Villager + Mega Man Reveal Trailer + Wii Fit Trainer Reveal Trailer + Developer Direct Video/Director’s Room 1st Pic of the Day/Day 1 Full Recap
• 2013: Tekken Revolution originally releasing on PS3 via PSN at NA.
• 2007: Smash Bros. Dojo Page on Fox
• 2001: Game Boy Advance releasing at NA.
• 1998: Super Gem Fighter Mini Mix/Pocket Fighter releasing on the PS1 at JP.
• 1998: X-Men vs SF releasing on the PS1 at NA.

Sometime this Month

• 1996: Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 releasing on the Sega Saturn at EU.
• 1995: Dragon Ball Z: Super Butōden 2 releasing as a SNES exclusive at EU.
• 1995: Street Fighter: The Movie originally releasing at arcades.
• 1994: Dragon Ball Z: Buyū Retsuden releasing on Sega Mega Drive at EU.