Yo guys, I don't know who needs to hear this but last night I drank a bottle of polisirex syrup (888mg) and that's what I'm used to when I take this version as it's less potent than HBr or freebase. When I take 300mg HBr that's usually pretty strong for me.
Well anyways, this SHIT ROCKED me. I was full on dissociated, in such a "funky" abstract type of way if that makes any sense. Like reality was just bending like crazy, and my vision was insane too. Shit was twisted, flat, angled, cornered, bendy, WEIRD. Time dilation was there too. I could literally visualize time.. And there's obviously that trademark dxm feeling. Dissociative headspace and all the razz. To me honestly HBr gives more of a "in your face" pressureful type of trip. Intense, heavy and all at once feeling. But SYRUP that shit had my entire REALITY engulfed. The trip was like.. hard to explain. Such the deep mind bending thoughts, and intense dissociation. And was fucked for a good 10 hours. What yall think?

1. Describe the pharmacology behind how DXM functions as a psychoactive drug.

​

1. Describe the general effects of each plateau, and the approximate amount of milligrams (HBr) per kilogram a non-enzyme deficient individual would take to achieve each plateau. Also, approximately how many US fluid ounces would a 153lbs individual need to take in order to reach mid 2nd plateau if the syrup contains 10mg DXM HBr per milliliter and if they achieve second plateau at 3.5-6.5mg/kg?

​

1. What types of drugs are dangerous to mix with recreational DXM? Explain why each type is dangerous.

​

1. What is the role of DXM in regards to glutamate receptors?

​

1. What are the differences between DXM and it's primary CYP2D6 metabolite in regards to binding affinity?

​

1. Why can the combination of SRIs and DXM elicit serotonin syndrome?

​

1. John is a chronic DXM user who uses grapefruit juice to potentiate his experiences.

one day John decides to take some LSD, and notices that the effects are noticably blunted.
what pharmacological mechanisms could cause this?
​

1. What differenciates DXM's activity as a ligand at the glutamate receptors

from the activity of higher affinity, slower-unblocking drugs like phencyclidine (PCP),
ketamine, or MK-801?
​

1. Why does dextromethorphan, a molecule that is very similar in structure to potent opioids, have

such weak affinity for the opioid receptors?
​

1. Elizabeth has four 10mg DXM HBr gels and 0.6oz left of a syrup containing 30mg/ml DXM HBr. In addition

to these, how many US fluid ounces of a polistirex extended release formulation does she need to achieve the
midpoint of the 3rd plateau considering the following factors:
-she weighs 210 pounds
-each 5ml of the polistirex syrup contains an equivalent to about 30mg DXM HBr
-she achieves the third plateau at 11.26mg/kg
​

1. Can chronic recreational DXM use incur withdrawal symptoms upon cessation? If so, in what manner

does it manifest?
​

1. Name 8 inhibitors of the enzyme(s) responsible for metabolizing DXM that are not fruits.

​

1. Eli wants to achieve a low third plateau dose using robocough tablets (30mg DXM freebase each). How many tablets

would he have to take considering the following:
-he weighs 136 pounds
-he usually achieves third plateau at 8.2-16mg/kg
-assuming that freebase is 1.37x more potent than HBr
​

1. What are the different types genetic variability expressed among the enzymes responsible for metabolizing DXM?

​

1. How many US fluid ounces of DXM HBr syrup would a 234lb individual need to take in order to reach low fourth plateau

considering the following information:
-the syrup contains 10mg DXM HBr per milliliter
-they achieve fourth plateau at about 14mg/kg HBr
-they already took 3.5 tablets of robocough 30mg (DXM freebase), and 1 US fluid ounce of DXM polistirex (7.25mg/ml concentration)
-DXM freebase is about 1.37x more potent than DXM HBr, and DXM HBr is twice as potent as DXM polistirex
​

1. Why can taking a monoamine oxidase inhibitor and DXM be a dangerous combination? Explain the

pharmacological mechanisms behind why.
​

1. What common medicinal additives are used in combination with DXM and why is it dangerous to use DXM-containing

combinations (in recreational doses) that contain these additives?
​

1. What is plateau sigma? How does one achieve it? What are the risks associated with it?

​

1. Why is DXM freebase more potent than DXM HBr?

​

1. How does being a poor CYP2D6 + CYP3A4 metabolizer affect recreational DXM use? How about being an ultra-rapid metabolizer of both?

What Happened?

• ABS-CBN opens streaming platform to GMA Inquirer
• Dept. of Health (DOH) said no increasing hospitalizations amid rising COVID-19 Arcturus cases CNN
• Nationwide job fair at SMX Manila rescheduled for April 30 CNN
• PAGASA said PH has 41% chance to experience ‘strong’ El Niño this year Inquirer
• Dept. of Education (DepEd) proposed early teaching of English and the removal of the separate Mother Tongue subject in the primary level Philstar
• PAGASA launched its project on impact-based forecasting, which will help authorities and the public take action even before a hazard occurs Philstar
• Bureau of Customs (BOC) aimed to go full digital by 2026, with "almost 94 percent" of its systems computerized ABS-CBN News
• BFAR recommended ban on shellfish gathering, seaweed harvesting exposed to contaminants in Antique due to the oil spill ABS-CBN News
• PAGASA said 10 to 14 tropical cyclones expected in PAR from May to October GMA News

World

• World Health Organization (WHO) issued alert over another India-made cough syrup, tested samples have compounds toxic to humans and could be fatal if consumed BBC
• EU agrees rules to boost use of sustainable fuels in aviation Financial Times
• South Korea, US to share nuclear planning to deter North Korean threat Inquirer
• Japan's population projected to shrink to 87M by 2070 ABS-CBN News
• China is pushing ahead with the largest-ever expansion of its nuclear arsenal, modernizing the atomic deterrent with an eye on any future conflicts with the US ABS-CBN News
• According to study, 93% of Japanese workers continue to mask up Inquirer

Extra

• 3 ways to rethink old age and retirement, MIT expert says CNBC
• What to Do If Your Career Is Stalled and You Don’t Know Why Harvard Business Review
• 11 Spotify add-ons that’ll judge your music taste (and more) Scout
• Minnie Mouse dropped a lo-fi hip-hop album with Disney songs Scout
• Use this 3-word response when someone is rude to you, says Harvard-trained etiquette expert CNBC

​

Apologies, newsletter for today was published too late for your morning coffee. Had some personal challenges behind the scene. But here we go! Better late than never :)

​
Read today's newsletter here

Thanks for reading Kape at Balita!

Subscribe on my email newsletter for free for daily relevant news

As i am writing this the effects are hitting me very hard so I may have trouble writing.
T+ 0 minutes: I insert 5 full plastic syringes of DXM syrup (100ml or 300mg of DXM HBr) directly up my rectum. Immediately, it feels like nothing, just like injecting water up your anus.
t + 3 minutes: Immense pain begins, isolated in the stomach. Imagine the worst stomach ache diahhrea you have felt in your life. I have stuck many substances, including 2CB, up my boofhole, yet none can compare to the pure suffering induced by that of a DXM boof.
T + 10 minutes: Through sheer willpower, I overcome the intense desire to shit. The pain slowly fades away and I am left with little change in sensation or feeling.
T : 15 minutes: Since I am still feeling nothing, I decide to go and smoke a joint.
T: 16 minutes: AS soon as I step out of the door I notice immediate CEVs in the dark, the kind of rainbowy-static you'd notice on a DXM comeup, but significantly intensified. The visuals is strange, as it would normally be accompanied by the come-up DXM headspace.
T: 20 minutes : I notice I am actually extremely affected by the DXM headspace as my movements are noticeably sluggish and my trai n of thought is exactly like that on a DXM comeup, but it is not accompanied by any of the 'fog' or nausea you would normally expect.
T: 25: The feeling becomes extremely pleasant, far more pleasant than that of an oral dose, and I am in a constant grin. IT was definitely worse the pain, I think to myself.
T 30 minutes : I decide to boof the acid before I become too dissociated. I cut 4 tabs into small pieces with scissors and rolled it into a small ball using toilet paper. I lightly wet the toilet paper to help absorbtion, and stick it up my rectum .
I'll continue from here later. Honestly i am feeling amazing i might snap a cheeky pic of myself later and see how fucked up my eyes get haha

Long Story
​
When I was 16 I had gotten into smoking weed. From this point; things progressed negatively and I eventually was finding myself chugging cough syrup with DXM HBR and Poly. I had OD'd and Serotonin Syndrome and now have HPPD from it. Keep in mind I am now 21 turning 22 and this happened when I was 17. I've gotten used to the fact that I need to live in my new reality so that is not a new thing to me... However... I never have a stable mood now and haven't since then. It has been hard to love myself or feel like myself. I had Low T so I'm now on HRT which is a tremendous improvement but only in the sense of energy to keep me going. I'm scared to address this with my Primary Care provider. I had done an assessment at my Docs office a few months ago and they reached out to me about mental health. I don't want to DQ myself from careers. Do you think I should go get on Antidepressants? I'm never happy anymore.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1pSOMGU_vHBOXeDrlD8MvMNsEO8Kyqye5/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=true
Work Book (Phase - VIII)
Subjective:
Board Type Questions

1. What will be the sequence of bases on mRNA molecule synthesized on the following strand of DNA?
   
2. Aspartame, an artificial sweetener, is a peptide and has the following structure:
   

📷
(i) Identify the four functional groups.
(ii) Write the Zwitterionic structure.
(iii) Write the structure of amino acids obtained from the hydrolysis of aspartame.
(iv) Which of the two amino acids is more hydrophobic?

1. Could a copolymer be formed in both condensation or not? Explain with example.
   
2. What are biodegradable polymers write structure of PHBV?
   
3. What is Nylon? Write an equation for the chemistry involved when a drop of hydrochlorine acid makes a hole in a nylon stocking.
   
4. (i) Give the Fischer projection of L-glucose.
   

(ii) Give the products of reaction of L-glucose with Tollen’s reagent.

1. Differentiate between

(a) Nucleotide and Nucleoside
(b) Vitamins and Hormones
(c) DNA and RNA

1. Give the IUAPC names of the following compounds:

(a) 📷
(b) Cr(CO)6
(c) K3[Al(C2O4)3]

1. Combination of Pt(IV), NH3, Cl− and K+ results in the formation of seven complexes and one such complex is 📷. Write the formulae of the other six members of the series.
   
2. What is the number of ionizable chlorine atoms in the complex 📷?
   
3. Complete and balance:
   

📷

1. Compete the following

📷

1. Explain why:

Ferrous salt turns brown in air.

1. Which one of Fe2+ and Fe3+ ions is more paramagnetic and why?
   
2. Which of the following is formed when K2Cr2O7, CaCl2 and conc. H2SO4 is heated?
   

📷

1. Though copper, silver and gold have completely filled sets of d-orbitals yet they are considered as transition metals. Why?
   
2. Why does Mn(II) show maximum paramagnetic character amongst the bivalent ions of the first transition series?
   
3. Why Zn2+ salts are white while Ni2+ salts are blue?
   
4. Why Zn2+ salts are white while Cu2+ salts are blue?
   
5. [Ti(H2O)6]3+ is coloured while [Sc(H2O)6]3+ is colourless. Explain.
   
6. A co-ordination compound has the formula CoCl3.4NH3. It does not liberate ammonia but precipitates chloride ions as silver chloride. Give the IUPAC name of the complex and write its structural formula.
   
7. Arrange the following complexes in order of increasing electrical conductivity:
   

[CoCl3(NH3)3], [CoCl(NH3)5]Cl2, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [CoCl2(NH3)4]Cl

1. Which of the two compounds is more stable and why?

[K4[Fe(CN)6], K3[Fe(CN)6]

1. [NiCl4]2− is paramagnetic while [Ni(CO)4] is diamagnetic though both are tetrahedral. Why?
   
2. Name one polymer formed by step growth polymerization. Give names of its monomers.
   
3. Arrange the following polymers in increasing order of their intermolecular forces. Also classify them as addition and condensation polymers:
   

Nylon-66, Buna-S, Nylon – 66

1. Given reason of the following

(i) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Craft reaction.
(ii) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines

1. Given account of the following

(i) Gabriel phthalamide synthesis is preferred for synthesing primary amines.
(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.

1. Given reason of the following

(i) Methylamine in water reacts with FeCl3 to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide.
(ii) pKb of aniline is more than that of methylamine.

1. Discuss the nature of bonding in the following co-ordinate compound on the basis of valence bond theory.

(i) 📷 (ii) 📷 (iii) 📷 (iv) 📷

1. (i) Draw figure to show splitting of degenerate d-orbital in an octahedral crystal field?

(ii) What is the significance of Δ0 (stabilization energy).

1. (i) Explain inner and outer orbital complexes with suitable example.

(ii) Draw the figure to show splitting of degenerate d-orbitals in an octahedral crystal field?

1. What are class-b-acceptors? What which type of ligands they form stable complexes?
   
2. (i) Classify the following into monosaccharides and disachharides.
   

Ribose, 2-deoxyribose, maltose, galactose, fructose and lactose.
(ii) What do you understand by the term glycosidic linkage?
(iii) What is glycogen? How is it different from starch?

1. (i) What is the basic structural difference between starch and cellulose?

(ii) What happens when D-glucose is treated with the following reagents?
(a) HI (b) Br2 – water (c) HNO3

1. (i) Write the monomers used for getting the following polymers

(a) Polyvinyl chloride (b) Teflon (c) Bakelite
(ii) How can you differentiate between addition and condensation polymerization.

1. (i) How is Dacron obtained from ethylene glycol and terephthalic acid?

(ii) What is a bidegreadable polymer? Give an example of a biodegradable aliphatic polyester.

1. (a) What are the monomeric repeating units of Nylon-6 and Nylon -66?

(b) Write the names and structure of the monomers of the following polymers.
(i) Buna-S (ii) Buna-N (iii) Dacron (iv) Neoprene

1. Indicate the steps in the preparation of

(i) K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore.
(ii) KMnO4 from pyrolusite ore.

1. Describing the oxidizing action of K2Cr2O7 and write the ionic equation for its reaction with

(i) Iodine (ii) Iron (II) solution (iii) H2S
IIT Level Questions

1. How will you carry out the following conversions?

(i) Methylamine to ethylamine
(ii) Ethylamine to methylamine
(iii) Aniline to benzoic acid
(iv) Nitrobenzene to 2, 4, 6-tribromoaniline
(v) Nitrobenzene to benzamide

1. For M2+/M and M3+/M2+ systems the E0 values for same metals are as follows:

📷
📷
📷
📷
Use the above data to comment upon
(i) the stability of Fe3+ in acid solution as compound to that of Cr3+ or Mn2+ and
(ii) the case with which iron can be oxidized as compared to a similar process for either chromium or manganese metal.

1. Arrange the following:

(i) C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N and NH3................increasing basic strength in gaseous.
(ii) C2H5NH2, (C2H5)2NH, (C2H5)3N and NH3..................increasing basic strength in water.

1. How will you convert?

(i) Aniline to p-bromoaniline
(ii) Benzyl chloride to 2-phenyl ethanamine
(iii) Aniline to 2, 4, 6-tribromoflurobenzene

1. Complete the following reaction:

(i) 📷
(ii) 📷
(iii) 📷

1. Identification of A, B and C in the following reactions:

(i) 📷
(ii) 📷
(iii) 📷

1. Write the correct formulae for the following co-ordination compounds

(i) CrCl3.6H2O (violet with 3Cl− ions /unit formula)
(ii) CrCl3.6H2O (light green colour, with 2Cl− ions/unit formula)
(iii) CrCl3.6H2O (dark green colour with Cl− ion/unit formula)

1. (i) Briefly outline the drawback of V.B.T.

(ii) Explain the hybridization and magnetic behaviour.
(a) 📷 (b) 📷

1. (a) Explain with example cis-trans geometrical isomerism.

(b) Explain the facial and meridional isomerism.’

1. (i) Define the following as related to proteins.
   (a) Peptide linage (b) Primary structure (iii) Denaturation
   

(ii) What is the difference between a nucleoside and a nucleotide.
Objective:
Multiple choice questions with single correct options

1. Correct order of basicities of the following compounds is

📷
(A) 2 > 1 > 3 > 4 (B) 1 > 3 > 2 > 4
(C) 3 > 1 > 2 > 4 (D) 1 > 2 > 3 > 4

1. The compound that will react most readily with NaOH to form methanol is

(A) 📷 (B) CH3OCH3
(C) 📷 (D) 📷

1. Which of the following is the strongest base?

(A) C6H5NH2 (B) 📷
(C) 📷 (D) 📷

1. In 📷 the order of proton accepting tendency will be

(A) 📷 (B) 📷
(C) 📷 (D) 📷

1. Ions of the two most common isotopes of the transition metal nickel are shown below:

📷
Which one of the following statements is true?
(A) The electron arrangement of both these Ni2+ ions is 1s2, 2s2, 2p6, 3s2, 3p6, 3d6, 4s2.
(B) The 📷 ion will have more protons in its nucleus than the 📷 ion.
(C) In the same strength magnetic field, the 📷 ion will be deflected more than the 📷 ion.
(D) Both 📷ions have the same number of electrons but a different number of neutrons.

1. Which equation does not involve the reduction of a transition metal compound?

(A) 📷 (B) 📷
(C) 📷 (D) 📷

1. Ag+ forms many complexes, some of these are [Ag(NH3)2]+, [Ag(CN)2]–, [Ag(S2O3)2]3–.

Which of the following statements is true?
(A) In these complexes, Ag+ is a Lewis base.
(B) The hybridization of Ag+ is sp2.
(C) The Ag+ complexes are good reducing agents.
(D) These complexes are all linear.

1. The magnetic moment of an iron compound is 5.918 BM, then the oxidation state of iron in this compound will be

(A) 0 (B) 1
(C) 2 (D) 3

1. Which pair of elements can form an alloy?

(A) Zn + Pb (B) Fe + Hg
(C) Fe + C (D) C + Pt

1. Identify the product P in the following reaction.

📷
(A)
📷
(B)
📷
(C)
📷
(D)
📷

1. The product(s) of the Hofmann exhaustive methylation of the following compound is

📷
(A)
📷
(B)
📷
(C)
📷
(D)
All of the above

1. When aniline is heated with benzene diazonium chloride at low temperature in weakly acidic medium, the final product obtained is

(A)
📷
(B)
📷
(C)
📷
(D)
📷
13.
The major product formed in the elimination reaction of
📷
(A)
📷
(B)
📷
(C)
📷
(D)
📷
14.
📷
Hydrocarbon ‘B’ is,
(A) CH4 (B) 📷
(C) 📷 (D) 📷

1. In which of the following compounds chromium shows maximum ionic radius?

(A) K2Cr2O7 (B) CrO2Cl2
(C) Cr2(SO4)3 (D) CrCl2

1. Zinc tarnishes in moist air due to

(A) ZnCO3.3Zn(OH)2 (B) Zn(OH)2
(C) ZnCO3.ZnCl2 (D) None of the above

1. Which compound does not dissolve in hot dilute 📷

(A) HgS (B) PbS
(C) CuS (D) CdS

1. A compound of mercury which is a strong poison and its antidote being the white of an egg, which eliminates it from the system in the form of a coagulated mass, is

(A) Hg2Cl2 (B) HgCl2
(C) HgI2.HgO (D) K2HgI4

1. The product of reaction of an aqueous solution of Bi3+ salt with sodium thiosulphate gives

(A) Bi2S3 (B) Na3[Bi(S2O3)3]
(C) Na[Bi(S2O3)2] (D) [Bi2(S2O3)2]Cl2

1. An aqueous solution of FeSO4.Al2(SO4)3 and chrome alum is heated with excess of X and filtered, a yellow filtrate and a brown residue is obtained. X is

(A) Na2O2 (B) Na2ZnO2
(C) NaCl (D) KCl

1. When H2O2 in ether reacts with acidified K2Cr2O7 solution blue coloured perchromic anhydride is obtained in etheral solution. It is due to:

(A) CrO3 (B) H2CrO4
(C) CrO5 (D) H2CrO7

1. The atomic radius of Cu is greater than that of Cr but ionic radius of Cr2+ is greater than Cu2+:

(A) because Cr+2 has no stable oxidation state of Cr
(B) because (d – d) transition is not easily available in Cr.
(C) because in Cu, (d – d) electron repulsion is larger due to pairing of electron
(D) because of Cu has larger no of protons in nucleus w.r.t. Cr

1. Dicyclopentadienyliron [(C5H5)-]2 Fe2+ is stable molecule because of

(A) resonance (B) not stable
(C) five member ring (D) none

1. Which one of the following would not react with aqueous silver nitrate to produce a precipitate that is soluble in concentrated aqueous ammonia?

(A) CaBr2 (B) [CoCl4]2–
(C) (CH3)4N+I– (D) CH3COCl

1. From the stability constant which one is strongest ligand?

(A) 📷
(B) 📷
(C) 📷
(D) 📷

1. The crystal field splitting energy for Cr3+ ion in an octahedral field increases for the ligands I–, H2O, NH3, CN– and the order is

(A) CN– < I– < H2O < NH3 (B) I– < H2O < NH3 < CN–
(C) CN– < NH3 < H2O < I– (D) NH3 < H2O < I– < CN–

1. Which of the following complex ion is paramagnetic?

(A) [Fe(CN)6]4– (B) [Fe(CN)6]3–
(C) [Fe(CN)5NO]2– (D) [Co(NO2)6]3–

1. IUPAC nomenclature of the complex compound Na3[Cr(O)2(O2)(O2)2(NH3)] where half of the coordination number are occupied by neutral ligands with magnetic moment 📷 must be

(A) Sodium amminedioxodioxygensuperoxochromate (III)
(B) Sodium amminedioxygendioxodisuperoxochromate (III)
(C) Sodium amminebisdioxygendioxoperoxochromate (III)
(D) Sodium amminebisdioxygendioxoperochromium (III)

1. Polymer used in bullet proof glass is

(A) PMMA (B) Lexame
(C) Nomex (D) Kelvar

1. On hydrolysis which of the following carbohydrates gives only glucose?

(A) Sucrose (B) Lactose
(C) Maltose (D) Galactose

1. Grape sugar is

(A) Glucose (B) Fructose
(C) Maltose (D) Lactose

1. Which of the following is fruit sugar?

(A) Sucrose (B) Fructose
(C) Glucose (D) All of these

1. The urine sample of diabetic patients contains

(A) Sucrose (B) fructose
(C) Cane sugar (D) Starch

1. The fibre obtained by the condensation of hexamethylene diamine and adipic acid is

(A) Dacron (B) Nylon 66
(C) Rayon (D) Teflon

1. Natural silk is

(A) Polyester (B) Polyamide
(C) Epoxide (D) Polyurethane

1. Natural rubber is obtained from Latex which is a

(A) mixture of wood, plants and gums
(B) Colloidal dispersion of rubber in water
(C) mixture of chloroprene and carbohydrate
(D) none of these

1. A raw material used in making Nylon is

(A) adipic acid (B) 1, 3-butadiene
(C) ethyne (D) cyclohexanone

1. Which of the following is not a natural polymer?

(A) Wool (B) Silk
(C) Cotton (D) Teflon

1. In the dichromate dianion

(A) 4Cr – O bonds are equivalent
(B) 6-Cr – O bonds are equivalent
(C) All Cr – O bonds are equivalent
(D) All Cr – O bonds are non – equivalent

1. In the standardization of Na2S2O3 using K2Cr2O7 by iodomaety, the equivalent weight of K2Cr2O7 is

(A) Molecular weight/2 (B) Molecular weight/6
(C) Molecular weight/3 (D) Same as molecular weight

1. The chemical composition of ‘slag’ formed during smelting process in the extraction of copper in

(A) Cu2O + FeS (B) FeSiO3
(C) CuFeS2 (D) Cu2S + FeO

1. Amongst the following, identify the species with an atom in +6 oxidation state

(A) MnO4− (B) Cr(CN)6−3
(C) NiF6−2 (D) CrO2Cl2

1. Ammonium dichromate is used in same fire works. The green coloured powder blown in the air is

(A) CrO3 (B) Cr2O3
(C) Cr (D) CrO(O2)

1. Isoprene on polymerization produces

(A) Synthetic rubber (B) Neoprene
(C) Gutta-Percha (D) Cis-poly(2-Methyl-1, 3-butadiene)

1. Example of thermosetting plastic is/are

(A) bakelite (B) PVC
(C) Polyurethane (D) Nylon

1. The repeating units of PTFE are

(A) CH ≡ CH (B) CF3 – CF3
(C) CH2 = CHCN (D) CF2 = CF2

1. Terylene is a condensation polymer of ethylene glycol and

(A) Benzoic acid (B) acetic acid
(C) terephthalic acid (D) salicylic acid

1. Which of the following is used as rocket fuel?

(A) cyanogens + O3 (B) Cyanogen + O2
(C) water gas + O3 (D) Nitrolium + O3

1. The expected spin only magnetic moment for 📷respectively are

(A) 1.73 and 4.82 (B) 5.92 and 4.82 (C) 1.73 and 3.87 (D) 0.00 and 1.73
Multiple choice questions with more than one option correct

1. Aniline and diethylamine can be distinguished by

(A) coupling reaction (B) carbylamine reaction
(C) reaction with HONO (D) Hoffmann bromamide reaction

1. Cyclobutyl amine is treated with nitrous acid. The products may be

(A)
📷
(B)
📷
(C)
📷
(D)
📷

1. Consider the reaction

📷
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(A) Product B is an orange coloured compound
(B) Product A contain azo linkage
(C) Product B contain azo linkage
(D) Product A is used as dye

1. The low spin complexes are

(A) K3[Fe(CN)6] (B) [Ni(CO)4]
(C) K3[CoF6] (D) Na2[Ni(CN)4]

1. Which of the following statement(s) is/are correct?

(A) Oxidation number of Fe in Na2[Fe(CN)5(NO)] is +2.
(B) [Ag(NH3)2]+ is linear in shape.
(C) In [Fe(H2O)6]3+, Fe is d2sp3 hybridized.
(D) In [Ni(CO)4], oxidation number of Ni is zero.

1. When MnO2 is fused with KOH, a coloured compound is formed then the compound will be

(A) K2MnO4 (B) Mn3O4
(C) purple in colour (D) brown in colour

1. Which of the following statements is/are correct when a mixture of NaCl and K2Cr2O7 is gently warmed with conc. H2SO4?

(A) A deep red vapour is evolved.
(B) The vapour when passed into NaOH solution gives a yellow solution of Na2CrO4.
(C) Chlorine gas is evolved.
(D) Chlomyl chloride is formed.

1. Which of the following gives an optically active compound when reacted with sodium borohydride, NaBH4?

(A)
📷
(B)
📷
(C)
📷
(D)
📷
59.
📷
For the above reaction,
(A)
📷
(B)
📷
(C)
📷
(D)
📷

1. Consider the following three bases of DNA and RNA.

📷
Order of acidic strength on different sites will be
(A) (2) > (1) (B) (3) > (4)
(C) (7) > (6) (D) (6) > (5)

1. Which of the following statement(s) about D(+) glucose is/are true?

(A) Naturally occurring glucose is dextrorotatory
(B) It reduces ammoniacal AgNO3 solution
(C) On polymerisation it forms galactose
(D) It forms cyanohydrin on reaction with HCN
COMPREHENSION - I
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below:
The variety of colours among transition metal complexes has always fascinated the observers. For example, aqueous solutions of octahedral [Co(H2O)6]2+ are pink in colour but those of tetrahedral [CoCl4]2– are blue. The green colour of aqueous [Ni(H2O)6]2+ turns blue when ammonia is added to the solution to give [Ni(NH3)6]2+. The reduction of violet [Cr(H2O)6]3+ gives bright blue [Cr(H2O)6]2+. As with all colours, these arise from electronic transitions between levels whose spacing correspond to the wavelength available in visible light. The magnitude of spacing depends upon the factors such as the geometry of the complex, the nature of the ligands present, and the oxidation state of central atom.

1. Identify the complexes which is/are expected to be coloured?

(A) [Ti(NO3)4] (B) [Cu(NCCH3)4]+📷
(C) [Cr(NH3)6]3+3Cl– (D) [Zn(H2O)6]2+

1. Which of the following is π-acid ligand?

(A) NH3 (B) CO
(C) F– (D) Ethylene diamine

1. The complex which has no ‘d’ electrons in the central metal atom is

(A) [MnO4]– (B) [Fe(CN)6]3–
(C) [Co(NH3)6]3+ (D) [Cr(H2O)6]3+

1. Among 📷(atomic numbers of Ti = 22, Co = 27, Cu = 29, Ni = 28), the colourless species are

(A) 📷and 📷 (B) 📷
(C) Cu2Cl2 and 📷 (D) 📷

1. The ferric ion is detected by the formation of a prussian blue precipitate on addition of potassium ferrocyanide solution. The formula of the prussian blue precipitate is

(A) Fe4[Fe(CN)6]3 (B) Fe3[Fe(CN)6]4
(C) KFe[Fe(CN)6] (D) None of the above
COMPREHENSION - II
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below:
Molecules of the amino acids that comprise our proteins have the property of being non-super imposable on their mirror images because, they are said to be chiral or possess ‘handedness’. Most of the amino acids are of left handed form, but with no reasons available. Even more interesting, recent experiments have shown that a 7–9% excess of four amino acids is present in Murchison meteorite discovered in 1970. This analysis shows life could arise outside the confines of earth. The origin of unequal distribution is probably because of electromagnetic radiations emitted in a corkscrew fashion from the poles of spinning neutron stars could lead to a bias of one mirror image isomer over another when molecules form in interstellar space.
A stereogenic carbon can be defined as a carbon atom bearing groups of such nature that an interchange of any two groups will produce a stereoisomer. The device that is used for measuring the effect of optically active compounds on plane polarized light is a polarimeter. The analyser in the polarimeter decides the activity of compound present. This is being decided on the basis of angle by which axis of analyser has to be rotated for complete brightness. Left, right or no adjustment decides 📷activity or optical inactivity respectively.

1. For existence of life, amino acids as ingredient of protein exist mainly in

(A) 📷form (B) d–form
(C) Both (D) None of the above

1. EMR emitted in corkscrew fashion from poles of spinning neutrons are biased to

(A) 📷amino acids (B) d–amino acids
(C) Both (D) None of the above

1. Stereogenic carbons can bring

(A) optical activity (B) optical inactivity
(C) Both (D) None of the above

1. Optically inactive isomer possessing chiral centres are categorized as

(A) optical isomers (B) non-optical isomers
(C) mesomers (D) diastereoisomers

1. In one of the experiment performed by two students “Abraham” and “Fienkelstein” for measurement of optical activity of a substance. Result given by “Abraham” was: It is d–form with +30o rotation and by “Fienkelstein”, it was: It is 📷form with –150o rotation. One of them can be correct only as solution can either be d form or, 📷form.

Which of the following is correct measure to come out of this dispute?
(A) Result with acute angle is correct.
(B) Result with obtuse angle is correct.
(C) Students should perform another experiment by varying the concentrations or length of polarimeter tube to which angle of rotation is directly proportional.
(D) Students should perform the experiment again with precaution. They will come on same conclusion as one of them must be committing observational mistake.
COMPREHENSION - III
Formation of amine salts can be used to isolate and characterize amines. Most amines containing more than six carbon atoms are relatively insoluble in water. In dilute aqueous acids, these amines form their corresponding ammonium salts and they dissolve. Formation of soluble salt is one of the characteristic functional group test for amines.
The formation of amine salts is also used to separate amines from less basic compounds. When the solution is made alkaline (by
addition of NaOH) the free amine is regenerated. The purified free amine either separates out of the aqueous solution or is extracted into an organic solvent. Many drugs and other biologically important amines are commonly stored and used as their salts. Amine salts are less prone to decomposition by oxidation and other reactions and they have virtually no fishy odor. The salts are soluble in water and they are easily converted to solution for syrup and injections.

1. Amine form salt with which of the following reagents

(A) NaOH (B) KOH
(C) HBr (D) All of these

1. In the presence of NaOH amines separate out because

(A) amines react with NaOH (B) amines are less basic than NaOH
(C) amines form slat with NaOH (D) None of these

1. Amines are soluble in solution of many transition metal salts because

(A) Amines act as base with transition metal salt
(B) Amines act as ligand with transition metal salts
(C) Amines do not react with transition metal salt
(D) None of these

1. The hybridisation of N-atom in amine salts is

(A) sp2 (B) dsp2
(C) sp (D) sp3

1. Which of the following reaction involves amine salt?

(A) Hoffmann bromamide reaction (B) Hoffmann elimination
(C) Hoffmann rearrangement (D) None of these
COMPREHENSION - IV
Read the following paragraph and answer the questions given below:
Triglycerides are the oils of plants and the fats of animal origin. They include such common substances as peanut oil, soya bean oil, corn oil, butter etc. Triglycerides that are liquid at room temperature are generally called oils; those that are solids are called fats. In simple triglycerides all three acyl groups are same and in mixed triglycerides acyl groups are different. Hydrolysis of oils and fats produces a mixture of fatty acids.
Most natural fatty acids have unbranched chains and because they are synthesized from two carbon units, they have an even number of carbon atoms. In most unsaturated fatty acids double bonds are in cis configuration. Many naturally occurring fatty acids contain two or three double bonds. The fats or oils that these come from are called polyunsaturated fats or oils.
The carbon chain of saturated fatty acids can adopt many conformations but tend to be fully extended because this minimizes steric repulsions between neighbouring methylene groups. Saturated fatty acids pack efficiently into crystals because of larger van der Waals’ forces these have high melting points. The cis configuration of the double bond of an unsaturated fatty acid puts a rigid bend in the carbon chain that interferes with crystal packing causing reduced van der Waals’ attraction between molecules.

1. The hydrolysis of fats or oils with NaOH is called

(A) esterification (B) trans esterification
(C) glycolysis (D) saponification

1. Consider the reaction,

📷
The product A on oxidation with HIO4 gives
(A) only formaldehyde (B) only formic acid
(C) both formaldehyde and formic acid (D) None of the above

1. Unsaturated fatty acids having trans configuration have

(A) higher boiling points than cis isomer
(B) higher melting points than cis isomer
(C) higher molecular mass than cis isomer
(D) All of the above

1. Aliphatic unsaturated fatty acids can be reduced to corresponding unsaturated alcohol by

(A) NaBH4 (B) LiAlH4
(C) H2/Pt (D) All of the above

1. The boiling points of branched chain fatty acids are less than straight chain isomers due to

(A) less steric hindrance (B) less van der Waals’ forces
(C) more van der Waals’ forces (D) None of the above
Match The Following

1. List – 1 (complex ion) List – 2 (number of unpaired electrons)

(A) [CrF6]-4 (1) one
(B) [MnF6]-4 (2) two
(C) [Cr(CN)6]-4 (3) three
(D) [Mn(CN)6]-4 (4) four
(5) five

1. Match List − I with List − II

List − I
List − II
(A)
Amino acid
(p)
Secondary structure
(B)
α-amino acid
(q)
Neutral
(C)
Albumin
(r)
Simple protein
(D)
α-helix structure
(s)
Ninhydrin

1. Match List − I with List − II

List − I
List − II
(A)
Epimers
(p)
Reserve food for animals
(B)
Sorbitol
(q)
Hetrogenous polysaccharides
(C)
Glycogen
(r)
By the reduction of glucose
(D)
Starch
(s)
Glucose and mannose

1. Match the compounds in List-I with their properties in List-II:

List-I List-II
(A) K2MnO4 (P) Transition element in +6 state
(B) KMnO4 (Q) Oxidising agent in acid medium
(C) K2Cr2O7 (R) Manufactured from pyrolusite ore
(D) K2CrO4 (S) Manufactured from chromite ore

1. Match the complexes in List-I with their information in List-II:

List-I List-II
(A) [Cu(NH3)2]SO4 (P) dsp2
(B) [Pt(NH3)2Cl2] (Q) Octahedral
(C) K4[Fe(CN)6] (R) sp3d2
(D) [Fe(H2O)6]Cl3 (S) Square planar
ANSWERS TO WORK BOOK
Objective:
Single Correct Questions

1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C
   
2. D 6. B 7. D 8. D
   
3. C 10. A 11. B 12. C
   
4. D 14. B 15. D 16. A
   
5. A 18. B 19. A 20. A
   
6. C 22. C 23. A 24. C
   
7. B 26. B 27. B 28. B
   
8. C 30. B 31. C 32. A
   
9. B 34. C 35. B 36. B
   
10. B 38. A 39. D 40. B
    
11. B 42. B 43. D 44. B
    
12. A 46. A 47. D 48. C
    
13. A 50. C
    

Multiple Correct Questions

1. A, B, C 52. A, B, C 53. A, C 54. A, B, D
   
2. A, B, D 56. A, C 57. A, B, D 58. B, C, D
   
3. C, D 60. A, B, D 61. A, B, D
   

Comprehension

1. C 63. B 64. A 65. D
   
2. C 67. A 68. A 69. C
   
3. A 71. C 72. C 73. B
   
4. B 75. D 76. B 77. D
   
5. C 79. B 80. B 81. B
   

Match The Following

1. (A) – (4), (B) – (5), (C) – (2), (D) – (1)
   
2. (A) –(q), (B) – (s), (C) – (r), (D) – (p)
   
3. (A) –(s), (B) – (r), (C) – (p), (D) – (q)
   
4. (A-P, R) (B-Q,R) (C-P, Q,S) (D-P,S)
   
5. (A-P,S) (B-P,S) (C-Q) (D-Q,R)
   

https://docs.google.com/document/d/10PsIom0rdAUw-VgIh6JE8wW8DcEVFSz4/edit?usp=sharing&ouid=109474854956598892099&rtpof=true&sd=true
INTRODUCTION
Hydroxy compound can be classified in the following three categories.
1. Aliphatic hydroxy compound
Monohydric i.e.
📷
Dihydric
📷
Polyhydric
📷
Contain three and more than three hydroxyl group.
Monohydric alcohols are of three types.
📷
Illustration 1. Classify the following into primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols:
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
(c)
📷
Solution: (a) Tertiary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
PREPARATION OF ALCOHOLS

1. From Alkanes

Alkanes having tertiary carbon on oxidation with cold alkaline KMnO4 give tertiary alcohol.
📷

1. From Alkenes

Alkenes can be converted into alcohol by the following reactions:
📷

1. From alkyl halides

Alkyl halides give alcohol with KOH/NaOH or with moist Ag2O.
📷

1. Reduction of aldehydes and ketones

(a) Reduction by reducing agents
(i) Aldehyde gives primary alcohol
📷
(ii) Ketone gives secondary alcohol
📷
Reducing agents
(i) LiAlH4 (ii) NaBH4
(iii) Na/C2H5OH (iv) Metal (Zn, Fe or Sn)/Acid (HCl, dil H2SO4 or CH3COOH)
(v) (a) Aluminium isopropoxide/isopropylalcohol (b) H2O
(vi) H2/Ni

• NaBH4 and aluminium isopropoxide reduces only carbonyl group and has no effect on any other group.

📷

• Reduction with aluminium isopropoxide is known as Meerwein – Ponndorf Verley (MPV) reduction.
• LiAlH4 has no effect on double and triple bonds but if compound is β - aryl, α, β - unsaturated carbonyl compound then double bond also undergoes reduction.

📷
📷
(b) Reduction by Grignard reagents
Addition followed by hydrolysis
📷

• Methanol can not be prepared by this method.

1. Reduction of carboxylic acid, Acid chlorides and esters:

(a) Reduction by LiAlH4
📷
G = OH (acid)
G = Cl (acid chloride)
G = OR′ (ester)
(b) Reduction by BH3
Carboxylic acids and esters are reduced in to primary alcohol by BH3.
📷
📷
(c) Bouveault – Blanc reaction
📷
Illustration 2.
📷
Solution:
📷
​
If compound has ⎯COOH as well as ester group then reactivity of ester is more than acid towards LiAlH4.
​
📷
​
Acid is more reactive than ester towards BH3.
Exercise 1. Find A and B.
(i)
📷
(ii) 📷

1. From aliphatic primary amines

It react with nitrous acid to give alcohol.

• Nature of alcohol depends on the nature of carbon having ⎯NH2 group.
• Reaction proceeds through carbocation hence rearranged alcohol is obtained.

📷
7. From Oxiranes
Oxiranes react with Grignard reagent to give mono hydric alcohol. Nature of G.R is basic hence it attack on less hindered carbon of oxirane ring.
📷
Illustration 3. (a) Find A, B, C, D, E.
📷
(b) 📷
Solution: (a)
📷
(b)
📷

1. Fermentation of carbohydrates

📷
Illustration 4.
(i)
📷
​
(ii)
📷
Solution:
(i)
📷
​
(ii)
📷
Exercise2.
(i) Identify A, B & C
📷
(ii)
📷
​
📷
​
Account the reason for the above reactions.
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Solubility
Alcohols are soluble in water due to formation of H – bonding between water & them. As the molecular mass increases, the alkyl group become larger which resists the formation of H – bonds with water molecules and hence the solubility goes an decreasing.
Boiling Point
Intermolecular H – bonding is present between alcohol molecules. This makes high boiling point.
📷
Amongst the isomeric alcohols, the order of boiling point is 1° > 2° > 3° alcohol.
CHEMICAL PROPERTIES
Chemical properties of alcohols can be discussed under following categories:
(A) Reaction involving breaking of carbon – oxygen bond.
(B) Reaction involving breaking of oxygen – hydrogen bond.
(C) Oxidation of alcohols.
(D) Dehydrogenation of alcohols.
(E) Some miscellaneous reactions of monohydric alcohol.
(A) Reaction involving breaking of carbon – oxygen bond
Order of reactivity of alcohol. 3° > 2° > 1°
(i) SN reaction
​
📷
(ii) Dehydration of alcohol
Dehydration of alcohol to give alkene.
(a) Dehydrating agents are
Conc H2SO4/Δ, KHSO4/Δ, H3PO4/Δ, Anhyd Al2O3/Δ, Anhyd PCl5/Δ, Anhyd ZnCl2/Δ, BF3/Δ, P2O5/Δ.
(b) Reactivity of alcohols. (Ease of dehydration)
3° > 2° > 1°
(c) Product formation always takes place by saytzeff rule.
📷
* Alcohols on acetylation gives acetyl derivative which on pyrolytic elimination always gives Hofmann product.
📷
Mechanism in presence of acidic medium
E1 mechanism: follow saytzeff’s rule.
📷
Exercise 3.
Write mechanism
📷
(B) Reactions due to breaking of oxygen hydrogen bond. (Reactions due to acidic character of alcohols)
(a) Alcohols are acidic in nature because hydrogen is present on electro negative oxygen atom.
(b) Alcohol is weaker acid
📷
acidity ∝ stability of acid anions.
Acidity of 1° > 2° > 3°
Alcohols give following reactions due to breaking of oxygen – hydrogen bond.
(i) Reaction with metal
📷
M = 1st group metal.
M = Al, Mg, Zn
📷
Aluminium alkoxide
(ii) Esterification (With carboxylic acid)
📷
It is reversible acid catalysed reaction. It follow SN1 mechanism.
📷
Increasing the size of alkyl group on alcohol part decreases the nucleophilic character because steric hindrance increases.
📷
Order of reactivity of alcohols CH3OH > 1° alc > 2° alc > 3° alc
(iii) Ester formation with proton acid having –OH group: to give inorganic ester.
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
(iv) Alkylation of Alcohol
📷
Methylation is mainly used for determination of hydroxyl groups in an unknown compound.
📷
Exercise 4.
Arrange the following in increasing order of acidic strength.
​
(a)
📷
​
(b)
Arrange the following in increasing order of esterification:
MeCOOH EtCOOH (Et)2CHCOOH
(i) (ii) (iii)
(C) Oxidation of alcohol
Oxidation of alcohol is dehydrogenation reaction which is 1, 2 – elimination reaction.
📷
So oxidation of alcohol ∝ numbers of α - hydrogen atom.
(a) With mild oxidising agents:
Like
(i) X2
(ii) Fenton reagent [FeSO4/H2O2]
(iii) Jones reagent / CH3COCH3 [CrO3/dil. BaSO4]
(iv) K2Cr2O7/H+ cold
📷
📷
📷
Note:
PCC (Pyridinium chloro chromate) is a selective reagent which converts 1° alc to aldehyde.
(b) With strong oxidising agent
Oxidising agents are
(i) 📷 (ii) 📷
(iii) 📷 (iv)📷 📷
📷
(D) Dehydrogenation with Cu/573K or Ag/573K
(a) 1° alcohol ⎯⎯→ aldehyde
📷
(b) 2° alcohol ⎯⎯→ ketone
📷
(c) 3° alc ⎯→ undergo dehydration to form alkene.
📷
Reduction
📷
(E) Miscellaneous reactions of mono hydric alcohol
(i) Methylation with CH2N2 in presence of BF3.
📷
(ii) Haloform reaction
Ethyl alcohol and 2° methyl alcohol gives haloform reaction.
📷
Exercise 5.
(i) Out of these compound which gives iodoform test.
(a) CH3 ⎯ CH2 ⎯ CHOHCH3 (b) PhCH2CHOHCH3
(c) PhCHOHCH3 (d) CH3CH2OH
(e) CH3COCH2 ⎯ COOC2H5
(ii)
📷
Distinguishing 1°, 2°, 3° alcohol
Test
1° alc
2° alc
3° alc
(I) Lucas test
[ZnCl2 + HCl]
No reaction at room temperature
White turbidity after 5 – 10 min.
📷
White turbidity instantaneously 📷
(II) Victor Meyer test
(P/I2, AgNO2, HNO2, NaOH)
Red colour
Blue colour
Colourless
​
📷
📷
📷
PERIODATE OXIDATION
Compounds that have hydroxyl group on adjacent atoms undergo oxidation cleavage when they are treated with aq. Periodic acid (HIO4). The reaction breaks carbon carbon bonds and produced carbonyl compounds (aldehyde, ketones or acids)
📷
It takes place through a cyclic intermediate.
📷
Other examples
📷
📷
This oxidation is useful in determination of structure.
Illustration 5. Write the products of the reaction of t-butyl alcohol with PBr3, conc. H2SO4, CH3COCl, Na, CH3MgBr, Na2Cr2O7/H2SO4.
Solution: 📷.
Illustration 6. Write products
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
Solution: (a) 2HCHO + CO2
(b) No reaction (as it is not a vicinal diol)
Exercise 6.
(a) Arrange the following alcohols in order of ease of dehydration.
📷
(b) Find product
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
(c)
📷
PINACOL – PINACOLONE REARRANGEMENT
Action of H2SO4 on 1, 2 diols.
Ditertiory – 1, 2 diols convert in to ketones on treatment wit H2SO4.
📷
Mechanism
📷
Migratory preference of the group
Migration depends on the stability of Transition state.
In general migration of C6H5 > alkyl
Illustration 7. List three methods with chemical equations for the preparation of alcohols from alkenes.
Solution: Hydration, hydroboration and oxymercuration – demercuration of alkenes.
Hydration:
📷
Hydroboration
📷
Oxymercuration – demercuration
📷
Illustration 8. Which of the following alcohols would react fastest with Lucas reagent?
📷
Solution: 📷, it being a tertiary alcohol.
Exercise 7.
Find out
(i)
📷
(ii)
📷
Exercise 8.
Give a possible structure for the substance C5H10O2 behaving in the following manner.
📷
ETHER
* R ⎯ O ⎯ R′ Alkoxy alkane (Di alkyl ether)
* R = R′ Symmetrical ether.
R ≠ R′ Unsymmetrical or mixed ether.
‘O’ is to be counted with least number of C atom.
Example:
CH3 ⎯ O ⎯ C2H5 Methoxy ethane
CH3 ⎯ O ⎯ C6H5 Methoxy benzene
There are various types of cyclic ethers also.
📷
PREPARATION OF ETHERS
(i) From 1° alcohol
(a) With H2SO4
📷
Order of dehydration 1° > 2° > 3° alcohol
(b) With diazomethane
📷
(c) Alcohol having at least one hydrogen at fourth carbon gives five membered cyclic ether with Pb(OAC)4. The reaction is free radical reaction which is initiated by heat or light.
📷
📷
Williamson’s synthesis
📷 reaction of a sodium alkoxide with alkyl halide, alkyl sulphonate or alkyl sulphate is known as Williamson synthesis of ethers.
📷
📷

• In this reaction alkoxide may be alkoxide of primary, secondary as well as tertiary alcohol.
• Alkyl halide must be primary.
• In case of tertiary alkyl halide, elimination occurs giving alkenes
• With a secondary alkyl halide, both elimination and substitution products are obtained.

📷
📷
Illustration 9. Write the product
(i)
📷
(ii)
📷
Solution:
(i)
📷
(ii)
📷
Exercise 9.
Find product
(i)
📷
(ii)
📷
(3) From Alkane
(a)
📷
​
📷
(b)
📷
(4) From Grignard reagent
Higher ethers can be prepared by treating α - halo ethers with suitable reagents.
📷
(5) From Alkyl halide
📷
PROPERTIES OF ETHERS
Dipole nature of ether
Ethers have a tetrahedral geometry i.e. oxygen is sp3 hybridized. The C ⎯ O ⎯ C bond angle in ether is 110°. Because of the greater electronegativity of oxygen than carbon, the C ⎯ O bonds are slightly polar and are inclined to each other at an angle of 110°C, resulting in a net dipole moment.
📷
The bond angle is slightly greater than the tetrahedral angle due to repulsive interaction between the two bulky groups.
Chemical Reaction
Dialkyl ethers reacts with very few reagents other than acids. The only active site for other reagents are the C ⎯ H bonds of the alkyls. Ethers has ability to solvate cations (electrophile) by donating an electron pair from their oxygen atom. These properties make ether as solvents for many reactions.
On standing in contact with air, most aliphatic ethers are converted slowly into unstable peroxides.
Ether gives following reactions:

1. Nucleophilic substitution reactions

📷
Note:
Type of ethers also make a difference in the mechanism followed during the cleavage of C—O by HI/HBr.
Combinations
Mechanism follows
1°R + 2°R
Less sterically hindered ⇒ SN2
2°R + 3°R
More sterically hindered ⇒ SN1
1°R + 3°R
Nature of mechanism decoded by nature of solvent.
📷
Methyl cation is stabler than phenyl cations
(B) Dehydration with H2SO4/Δ and Anhy Al2O3/Δ
(i) When both alkyl groups has β - hydrogen.
📷
(ii) When only alkyl group has β - hydrogen.
📷

• Hot conc. H2SO4 react with secondary and tertiary ethers to give a mixture of alcohols and alkenes.

(CH3)3CO—CH3 📷 (CH3)2—C=CH2 + CH3OH
📷
(C) Miscellaneous reactions
(1) Halogenation:
Monohalogenation takes place at α carbon (with small amount)
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
(2) Reaction with CO: give ester
📷
Illustration 10. Explain why sometimes explosion occurs while distilling ethers.
Solution: It is due to formation of peroxide
📷
Illustration 11. The basicity of the ethers towards BF3 has the following order, explain.
📷
Solution: There are steric effects in the Lewis acid-Lewis base complex formation between BF3 and the respective ethers.
Illustration 12. What are crown ethers? How can the following reaction be made to proceed?
📷
Solution: Crown ethers are large ring polyethers and are basically cyclic oligomers of oxirane which may have annulated rings. They are designated according to ring size and the number of complexing oxygen atoms, thus 18-crown – 6 denotes an 18-membered ring with 6-oxygens. The molecule is shaped like a “doughnut”, and has a hole in the middle.
📷
These are phase transfer catalysts. This is a unique example of “host-guest relationship”. The crown ether is the host, the cation is the guest. The cavity is well suited to fit a K+ or Rb+ which is held as a complex. Interaction between host and guest in all these complexes are mainly through electrostatic forces and hydrogen bonds.
The reaction can be made to process by using catalytic amount of crown ether, 18-crown-6.
Illustration 13. Explain why
📷
​
is much more soluble than furan in water.
Solution: THF is more soluble than furan. In THF, in contrast to furan the electron pairs are available for H-bonding with water which makes it more soluble in water.
Exercise 10.
What chemical methods can be used to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds?
(a) Ethoxy ethanol and methyl isopropyl ether.
(b) Butyl iodide and butyl ethyl ether.
(c) Ethyl propyl ether and ethyl allyl ether.
Exercise 11.
Ether A cleaves much faster than B with conc. HI. Explain.
📷
📷
PHENOL
These are organic compounds a hydroxyl group attached directly to a benzene ring.
📷
Preparation
Industrial Method
(i) From chloro benzene (Dow’s process)
Chlorobenzene is heated with NaOH at 673 K and under pressure of 300 atm to produced sodium phenoxide which on acidification yields phenol.
📷
(ii) Cumene Process
Cumene obtained from propene & benzene cumene on air oxidation followed by acidification with H2SO4 gives phenol & acetone.
📷
(iii) From benzene sulphonic acid
It is fused with NaOH gives sodium salt of phenol.
📷
(iv) From benzene diazonium chloride
This gives Ar SN1 reaction with H2O to form phenol.
📷
Illustration 14. Starting from 1-methyl cyclohexene, prepare the following:
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
Solution:
(a)
📷
​
(b)
📷
Exercise 12.
Starting from 1-methyl cyclohexene, prepare the following:
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Phenol is needle shaped solid, soon liquefies due to high hygroscopic nature. It is less soluble in water, but readily soluble in organic solvents.
Phenol has high boiling point due to presence of hydrogen bonding.
Acidity of phenol
Phenol is weak acid. It reacts with aqueous NaOH to form sodium phenoxide, but does not react with sodium bicarbonate.
The acidity of phenol is due to the stability of the phenoxide ion, which is resonance stabilized as shown below:
📷
In substituted phenols, the presence of electron withdrawing groups at ortho and para positions such as nitro group, stabilizes the phenoxide ion resulting in an increase in acid strength. It is due to this reason that ortho and para nitro phenols are more acidic than phenol.
On the other hand, electron releasing groups such as alkyl group, do not favour the formation of phenoxide ion – resulting in decrease in acid strength.
For example: (cresol are less acidic then phenol)
Exercise 13.
Arrange each group of compounds in order of decreasing acidity:
📷
📷
CHEMICAL REACTIONS
(A) Reaction due to breaking of O – H bond
Phenol is more reactive than alcohol for this reaction because phenoxide ion is more stable than the alkoxide ion.
📷
Reactions of phenol due to breaking of ⎯O ⎯ H bond are given below:
📷
Acylation
📷
Fries rearrangement
Phenolic esters are converted in to o ⎯ and p ⎯ hydroxy ketones in the presence of anhydrous AlCl3. Generally low temperature favours the formation of p – isomer and higher temperature favour the o - isomer.
📷
(B) Reactions due to breaking of carbon- Oxygen bond
Nucleophilic substitution reaction
Phenols are less reactive than aliphatic compound because:
(i) ⎯OH group is present on sp2 hybridised carbon. This makes C ⎯ O bond stronger.
(ii) ‘O’ is more electronegative than halogens. This also makes C ⎯ O bond stronger than C ⎯ X.
(iii) There is some double bond character between carbon and oxygen due to the resonance. This also makes C ⎯ O bond stronger.
However it give SN under drastic condition.
📷
(C) EAS in Phenol: It is strong activating group.
📷
📷
MERCURATION
Mercuric acetate cation. [HgOAC]+ is a weak electrophile which substitutes in ortho and para position of phenol. Usually donating product is O–acetoxy mercuriphenol. The mercuric compound can be converted to iodophenol.
📷
Miscellaneous reaction
(i) Reaction with Zn dust
📷
(ii) Oxidation
📷
(iii) Condensation with phthalic anhydride
📷
Exercise 14.
Discuss the product formed in the bromination of p-phenol sulfonic acid.
Mechanism of some important reactions

1. Reimer Tieman reaction

📷
The electrophile is the dichloro carbene, :CCl2, formation of carbene is an example of α - elimination.
(i)
📷
(ii)
📷
(iii)
📷

1. Kolbe’s reaction

📷
Mechanism
📷
Illustration 15. How will you convert?
(i) phenol to aspirin (ii) phenol to salol.
(iii) phenol to oil of winter green. (iv) phenol to benzoic acid.
Solution:
(i)
📷
​
(ii)
📷
​
(iii)
📷
​
(iv)
📷
Illustration 16. What product would you expect in the following reaction? Explain.
📷
Solution: 📷
📷
It is an ‘abnormal’ product formed in the Reimer-Tiemann reaction when the dienone cannot tautomerize to regenerate a phenolic system.
Illustration 17. How would you distinguish between the following pairs?
(a) Phenol and cyclohexanol
(b) Ethyl alcohol and methyl alcohol
Solution: (a) Phenol gives coloration with FeCl3 solution
(b) Ethyl alcohol responds to the iodoform test
Exercise 15.
How would you distinguish between the following pairs?
(a) 2-Pentanol and 3-pentanol
(b) 1-Propanol and phenol
Exercise 16.
Offer explanation for the following observations:
(a) Why is phenol unstable in the keto-form?
(b) The following dehydration is extremely facile:
📷
(c) Why does thionyl chloride provide alkyl chlorides of high purity?
(d) 2-Methyl -2- pentanol dehydrates faster than 2 – methyl – 1 – pentanol.
(e) Phenol is acidic but ethyl alcohol is neutral.
(f) Ethanol responds to Iodoform test but tert- butanol does not.
(g) A tertiary alcohol reacts faster than a primary alcohol in the Lucas test.
Exercise 17.
How will you effect the following conversion?
(a)
📷
(b)
C2H5OH ⎯→ CH3CH2CH2OH
Exercise 18.
How will you effect the following conversion?
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
(c)
📷
(d)
📷
Exercise 19.
Write mechanism
📷
Some Commercially Important Alcohols And Phenols
(i) Methanol: Methanol is also called wood spirit since originally it was obtained by destructive distillation of wood. Now a days it is prepared by catalytic hydrogenation of water gas.
📷
Uses: It is largely used as:
(a) a solvent for paints, varnishes and celluloids.
(b) for manufacturing of formaldehyde.
(c) for denaturing ethyl alcohol, i.e. to make it unfit for drinking purpose. Denatured alcohols is called methylated spirit.
(d) in manufacture of perfumes and drugs.
Ethanol: Ethanol is mainly prepared by hydration of ethene formation of carbohydrates gives only 95% alcohol the rest being water. This is called rectified spirit.
Uses: It is largely used as an
(a) antiseptic.
(b) solvent for paints, lacquers, varnishes, dyes, cosmetics, perfumes, tinctures, cough syrups etc.
(c) As an important starting material for manufacture of ether, chloroform, Iodoform etc.
(d) As an important beverages.
(e) As power alcohol a mixture of 20% absolute alcohol and 80% petrol (gasoline) with benzene or tetralin as a co-solvent.
(f) As an antifreeze in automobile radiators.
Absolute alcohol: Absolute alcohol is 100% ethanol prepared from rectified spirit 95.5% alcohol as follows:
In laboratory absolute alcohol is prepared by keeping the rectified spirit in contact with calculated amount of quick lime for few hours and then refluxing and distilling it.
Phenol or Carbolic Acid
Uses
(i) As an antiseptic and disinfectant in soaps and lotions.
(ii) In manufacture of drugs like, aspirin, salol, salicylic acid, phenacetin.
(iii) In the manufacture of bakelite.
(iv) In the manufacture of picric acid, phenolphthalein, azo dyes.
(v) As a preservative for ink.
Ethylene Glycol: Ethane 1, 2 diol
Preparation: Lab preparation by hydroxylation.
(i)
📷
Manufacture
📷
Physical properties:
It is highly viscous because of the presence of two OH bond it undergoes extensive intermolecular H-bonding. Same reason owes to high solubility in water and high boiling point.
Chemical properties
Reaction with sodium
(i)
📷
(ii)
📷
(iii)
📷
(iv)
📷
(v)
📷
(vi)
Oxidation: Ethyelene glycol upon oxidation gives different products with different oxidising agents. For example.
​
(a)
📷
​
(b)
With periodic acid HIO4 or lead tetra acetate.
📷
Also called malapride reaction.
📷
Dehydration
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
(c)
📷
(d)
📷
Uses
(a) As a solvent.
(b) Antifreeze in the radiators of cars and aeroplanes.
(c) In manufacture of terylene and other polyester.
Exercise 20.
How would you convert cyclohexane to 1, 6 – hexanediol?
Glycerol (Propane 1, 2, 3 triol)
One of the most important trihydric alcohol.
Preparation:
(i) By Saponification of oils and fats.
📷
(ii) From Propylene
📷
(iii) Synthesis from its elements
📷
Physical Properties
Highly viscous due to three ⎯OH group due to which it undergoes extensive intermolecular H-bonding.
Chemical Properties
(i) It undergoes reaction of both secondary and primary alcoholic group.
📷
(ii)
📷
To replace the third hydroxyl group in either of two dichlorohydrins, PCl5 or PCl3 is fused.
(iii)
📷

1. Reaction with concentrated nitric acid:

📷
A mixture of glyceryl trinitrate and glyceryl dinitrate absorbed on Kieselguhr is called dynamite.

1. Reaction with KHSO4 – Dehydration.

📷

1. Oxidation.

📷
(i) With dil. HNO3, a mixture of glyceric acid and tartronic acid is produced.
(ii) With conc. HNO3, mainly glyceric acid is obtained.
(iii) With bismuth nitrate, only mesoxalic acid is formed.
(iv) Mild oxidising agents like bromine water, sodium hypobromite (Br2/NaOH) and Fenton’s reagent (H2O2 + FeSO4) give a mixture of glyceraldehyde and dihydroxyacetone. The mixture is called glycerose.
(v) With periodic (HIO4) acid.
📷
(vi) With acidified potassium permanganate.
📷

1. Reaction with phosphorous halides.

📷

1. Reaction with monocarboxylic acids. Glycerol reacts with monocarboxylic acids to form mono-, di- and tri- ester depending upon the amount of the acid used and the temperature of the reaction. An excess of the acid and high temperature favour the formation of tri-esters. For example, with acetic acid, glycerol monoacetate, diacetate and triacetate may be formed.

📷

1. Acetylation. When treated with acetyl chloride, glycerol forms glycerol triacetate.

📷

1. Reaction with oxalic acid

(i)
📷
(ii)
📷
Uses: Glycerol is used:

1. In the preparation of nitroglycerine used in making dynamite. Nitroglycerine is also used for treatment of angina pectoris.
   
2. As an antifreeze in automobile radiators.
   
3. In medicines like cough syrups lotions etc.
   
4. In the production of glyptal or alkyl resin (a cross – linked polyester obtained by the condensation polymerization of glycerol and phthalic acid) which is used in the manufacture of paints and lacquers.
   
5. In making non-drying printing inks, stamp colours, shoes polishes etc.
   
6. In the manufacture of high class toilet soaps and cosmetics since it does not allow them to dry due to its hydroscopic nature.
   
7. As a preservative for fruits and other eatables.
   
8. As a sweetening agent in beverages and confectionary.
   

Exercise 21.
How does glycerol react with a. HI, b. (COOH)2 and c. conc HNO3?
ANSWER TO EXERCISES
Exercise 1:
(i)
📷
(ii) A = CH3CH2CH2OH
B = CH3OH
Exercise 2:
(i)
📷
(ii) The R– (carbanion) pulls acidic hydrogen from OH group making it an acid-base reaction instead of usual nucleophilic addition reaction. On further hydrolysis it produces reactant. But in the second case you have two moles of RMgX that completes the reaction because there are two R– for two different sites.
Exercise 3:
📷
Exercise 4:
(a) (iii) > (ii) > (i) > (iv)
(b) (i) > (ii) > (iii)
Exercise 5:
(i) Only (c) and (d) gives iodoform test.
(ii)
📷
Exercise 6:
(a) 📷
(b) (i) No reaction
(ii) 6HCOOH
(iii) RCHO + R′CHO + NH3
Exercise 7:
(i)
📷
(ii)
📷
​
Here phenyl migration takes place.
Here methyl migration takes place.
Exercise 8:
Considering the reactions of C5H10O2, it is likely that C6H5NHNH3, I2, NaOH will react only with a keto group while CH3COCl and oxidation are reactions of an alcohol. Therefore two isomeric structures are possible for the original compound.
📷
Exercise 9:
📷
α, w – halo alcohols undergoes intramolecular Williamson ether.
📷
Synthesis in the presence of NaOH by 📷 reaction.
Exercise 10:
(a) Ethoxyethanol give the Iodoform test.
(b) Butyl iodide with AgNO3 yields AgI precipitate.
(c) Ethyl allyl ether decolorize bromine water.
Exercise 11:
The cleavage reaction of an ether by HI is initiated by protonation of the ether oxygen.
📷
In the second step the attack by Br− has to take place by SN1 or SN2 process. Since the system B is rigid either attack is very slow. The ether A does not pose such a problem
Exercise 12:
(a)
📷
(b)
📷
Exercise 13:
📷
📷
Exercise 14:
A phenol is highly reactive towards electrophilic substitution. Treatment of phenol with aqueous solution of bromine results in the replacement of every hydrogen ortho and para to the ⎯OH group, and it even cause the displacement of the sulfonic group to yield tribromophenol.
📷
Exercise 15:
(a) 2-Pentanol responds to the Iodoform test
(b) Phenol gives coloration with FeCl3 solution
Exercise 16:
(a) Phenol loses the aromatic stabilization in the keto form.
(b) The alkene formed is more stable due to resonance.
(c) Because the other products during the reaction of thionyl chloride with alcohols are gaseous.
(d) 2-Methyl-2-pentanol yield a stable alkene
(e) The phenoxide ion formed from phenol is stabilized by resonance.
(f)
📷
(g) A tertiary alcohol form a stable tertiary carbonation.
Exercise 17:
(a)
📷
​
(b)
📷
Exercise 18:
​
(a)
📷
​
(b)
📷
​
(c)
📷
​
(d)
📷
Exercise 19:
📷
Exercise 20:
📷
Exercise 21:
See the text
MISCELLANEOUS EXERCISES
Exercise 1: Write a note on: (a) Oxo process (b) absolute alcohol
Exercise 2: What happens when?
(a) ethanol vapours are passed over alumina at 600 K,
(b) excess of ethanol is heated with conc. H2SO4 at 413 K,
(c) phenol is treated with acetyl chloride?
Exercise 3: How is glycerol prepared from fats and oils? Why it is highly viscous? Give its uses?
Exercise 4: Discuss the following reactions:
(a) Reimer and Tiemann reaction
(b) Kolbe’s reaction
Exercise 5: Complete the following by putting structures of A, B, C, D.
📷
Complete the following.
Exercise 6: Compete the following by drawing correct structures.
📷
Exercise 7: How the sugar is converted to ethanol?
Exercise 8: Write the structure of organic compounds A to F in the following sequence of reactions:
📷

Looking for the best cough medicine? Look no further! Our cough medicine is the best on the market and will help you get rid of your cough quickly and effectively.
Let's take a look at the top products loved by consumers:
​

• Boiron Chestal Honey Adult Cold and Cough Syrup for Nasal
• Robitussin Long-Acting CoughGels, Cough Medicine for Adults and Children 12
• Robitussin Tablet 12 Hour Cough and Mucus Relief Extended-Release, Controls
• Maximum Strength Delsym Cough Suppressant, Fast Release Caplets, Lasts up
• Mucinex Maximum Strength Severe Congestion & Cough & Nightshift Cold
• Diabetic Tussin DM Maximum Strength Cough and Chest Congestion Relief
• Alka-Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough, Mucus & Congestion Powermax Liquid
• Burt’s Bees Kids Throat Soothing Pops, Fruit Fusion, 15 Count
• ValuMeds Adult Cough Relief for Adults Dextromethorphan HBr 15mg
• RoboHBr Cough suppressant, Dextromethorphan HBr 30 mg, 100 Tablets, 100

​
More details can be checked here

When it comes to finding relief from coughs, you want the Best Cough Suppressant. This powerful product provides fast-acting, long-lasting relief from all types of coughs.
Let's take a look at the top brands loved by consumers:

• Maximum Strength Delsym Cough Suppressant, Fast Release Caplets, Lasts
• Robitussin Long-Acting CoughGels, Cough Medicine for Adults and Children 12
• Robitussin Tablet 12 Hour Cough and Mucus Relief Extended-Release, Controls
• Amazon Basic Care Children’s Cough Suppressant DM, Orange Flavor Medicine
• Robitussin Maximum Strength Nighttime Cough DM, Cough Medicine for Adults
• Coricidin HBP Maximum Strength Cold & Flu Day & Night
• Amazon Basic Care Tussin DM, Cough Suppressant & Expectorant, 4
• ValuMeds Adult Cough Relief for Adults Dextromethorphan HBr 15mg
• Nature’s Way Sambucus Relief Cough Syrup, Feel Better Faster**, Clinically
• Alka-Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough, Mucus & Congestion Powermax Liquid

For more Details Check Here

Looking for the best cough medicine? Look no further! Our cough medicine is the best on the market and will help you get rid of your cough quickly and effectively.
Let's take a look at the top brands loved by consumers:

• Boiron Chestal Honey Adult Cold and Cough Syrup for Nasal
• Robitussin Long-Acting CoughGels, Cough Medicine for Adults and Children 12
• Robitussin Tablet 12 Hour Cough and Mucus Relief Extended-Release
• Maximum Strength Delsym Cough Suppressant, Fast Release Caplets, Lasts
• Mucinex Maximum Strength Severe Congestion & Cough & Nightshift Cold
• Diabetic Tussin DM Maximum Strength Cough and Chest Congestion Relief
• Alka-Seltzer Plus Maximum Strength Cough, Mucus & Congestion Powermax Liquid
• Burt’s Bees Kids Throat Soothing Pops, Fruit Fusion, 15 Count
• ValuMeds Adult Cough Relief for Adults Dextromethorphan HBr 15mg
• RoboHBr Cough suppressant, Dextromethorphan HBr 30 mg, 100 Tablets

For more Details Check Here

Preface:
About a decade ago I had the pleasure to acquaint myself with Ketamine and MXE. I only encountered them late into a 2 year period of frequent psychedelic experimentation. I only sampled MXE once, and while amazing, my fondness for the dissociative headspace was solidified with ketamine.
While never having been able to achieve a deep, totally immersive, k-hole experience via intranasal administration. I found that by administering near k-hole doses, which still allowed some motor activity like smoking, and then adding cannabis, allowed one access to a subline state. In this state one can lay back, administer appropriate music, and then by closing the eyes and meditating, one can totally loose track of my physical body. My perception being transposed to an indescribable soup of flowing visions of incredible depth. Compared to psychedelic CEV I found this state to be uniquely physical, as if my entire body and sensory apparatus were a unified whole, with no bounds. Crucially though in this state I remained connected enough to reality that, if needed, I could return and respond to my physical surroundings by breaking my meditation.
Personal Set and Experimental Motivation:
Many years later, after a period of extended sobriety, in which I practiced formal meditation, yoga, and talk therapy to emerge into a more mature adulthood I find myself in the third decade of life and feeling ready to return to the world of hallucinogenic states for both spiritual and recreational use. And while I am interested in procuring ketamine, and sampling its analogues, which have become available since I was last in the scene (such as FXE, DCK, 2f-DCK, etc), and am cautiously interested in sampling the analogues of PCP and PCE (particularly 3-HO-PCP and O-PCE) as long as I have been interested in hallucinogens I have pondered imbibing of the famous Robitussin. I remember even reading the original DXM FAQ on erowid as a youth on the early-mid 2000's internet. How fascinating that an OTC cough medicine could be so powerful? It must be too good to be true.
When I was at the height of my drug experimentation I did consider attempting trials with DXM but was always put off by the need to chug syrup or eat way too many gel caps. However the recent availability of other options made it more attractive. Small pellets of pure DXM HBr powder were obtained.
Having heard some bad things about the mental effects of high dose or habitual DXM use my trials are focused on exploring the potential recreational value of lower doses of DXM combined with high doses of cannabis.
First Trial at the First Plateau
Aims:
Wanted to conduct an allergy test to make sure that the material agrees with me before a heavy experience, but also wanted to get proper fucked up for a night of solitary relaxation. I chose to dose high on edibles and take a mid-to-upper 1st plateau dose.
Substances:

• 4x 30 mg DXM HBr taken at start plus 1x more taken after 45 minutes for a total of 150 mg
• 2x 40 mg Delta-8 + terpenes gummies taken with the initial DXM dose. Known to be high quality and potent, the best Delta-8 product I have sampled. But I also was smoking regular daily and had a decent tolerance.
• 3-4 Tobacco heavy spliff smoked starting after first coming up and then every hour or so through the experience
• Nicotine vaped throughout
• 2 glasses of wine, drank near the beginning of the experience, one Gin martini was prepared midway through the peak, but was discarded after drinking a small amount and then deciding that alcohol did not mix well with DXM.

Experience Review:
I used to enjoy small amounts of ketamine, mixed with 2-3 beers, and cannabis. I hoped that by including edibles and a drink of two I could get proper wonky using a 1st plateau dose. I had purchased my DXM HBr on a whim months ago for storage but hadn't yet found a good time to test it, my partner was gone for the evening and it seemed a good opportunity.
It was around 6:30-7 pm and I was left alone, I had already poured a glass of wine which I was sipping while consulting a DXM dosage calculator for my weight, it said 4.7 pills was the recommended upper limit for 1st plat, and so my chosen initial dose was 4 pills. I took them down the hatch and then ate one delta-8 edible. Over the course of 20-30 minutes or so I begin to feel the effects of the edible take hold, however something is different than usual, I definitely start to feel the DXM begin to work its magic.
Having drank more of my wine, starting to feel pretty good, and more confident that I wasn't going to have extreme nausea, I pop one more edible and one more DXM pill. I wait a bit longer and roll a spliff. Walking upstairs I do feel much more intoxicated than one glass of wine should induce. Moving around brings a smile to my face, and I make my way upstairs.
I am encouraged by the complete lack of nausea, and can feel a mild dissociation rising. On my way outside I refill my wine glass and go outdoors to light the spliff. My dog follows and I play fetch with her while smoking and sipping wine. Smoking brings euphoria and the outdoor evening atmosphere of the city washes over me calmly.
I go indoors and sit down thinking this state of mind will be perfect for watching something. I am quite indecisive and have a few false starts, the tone of all shows is surreal and a bit confusing. Eventually I decide to try watching Better Call Saul (which I have never seen but has been on my list). Watching it feels deeply immersive, the dialogue and characters feel unintentionally goofy and sometimes I feel distant from the motivations of humans.
A several hours and a few spliffs pass and I realize that I am feeling pretty damn dissociated, more than I had been during the previously more euphoric time that I considered the peak. I am melting into the couch in the best way and feel that this drug has a lot of potential. Feeling the euphoria begin to lessen I think that perhaps more alcohol could enhance it, so I make a martini and bring it outside with a spliff, while smoking and sipping I decide that the alcohol was actually bringing me down, despite the amazing taste I decide that it best not to push it with a heavy liquor drink and reluctantly throw it out.
I go back inside to watch a few more episodes, feeling pretty amazed at the legs of this mild dissociative relaxation. Feel regret that I didn't listen to any music, eventually my girl comes home from her friend's house. She is very sleepy, and wants me to come to bed. it is 1 am but actually I don't really want to sleep yet, however I decide it best to give up on the night and lay down. Cuddling is very comfortable, closing my eyes in the dark am able to feel what is left of the dissociative body lightness in complete darkness, however my mind is still quite stimulated rather than tired, sleep takes at least an hour to come but I enjoy the mental state I am in.
The next morning I wake up with a mild headache which I think must be a DXM hangover of some sort. But now I think was just the result of being woken up too early by my dog and being somewhat sleep deprived. It was an intriguing substance.
Second Trial at the Second Plateau
Aims:
I was intrigued by my first experience, interested to follow up. There was probably 1.5 months in between the two experiences. In the time between I tripped San Pedro Cactus once and LSD once, however I had not done psychedelic's in about 9 years. I was very happy with these experiences, the first being a pilot return to psychedelics as an adult, and in the second experience I introduced my partner to acid. About 2-3 weeks prior I tapered back off of nicotine my last dose of tobacco being during that LSD trip. I also took a one week tolerance break from cannabinoids prior to this DXM dose. My partner is away on a work trip this weekend and so its just me and the dog on Saturday night. I wanted to continue my exploration of low-moderate DXM doses in combination with cannabinoids. I am in a good mood, productive day working at desk, ready to rumble.
Substances:

• 10x 30 mg DXM HBr pills for 300 mg total
• 1x 20 mg HHC gummy
• 1x 40 mg delta-8 gummy
• many bowls of smoked cannabis

Experience Review:
I finish what I needed to do for the day and immediately consult the DXM calculator. I thought last time I dosed too late, there was too much residual stimulation and dissociation by the time bed was needed. I decide this time to start dosing at 5 pm. I go for 10x pills for 300 mg of the HBr. This time I also decide to wait to dose the edibles until I have dome up on the DXM, both to see the character of the experience and come up without any weed.
Sober as a lark I lay out my pills in three piles, 4x I take immediately, 3x I take 20 minutes later, and then I eat 3x more 20 minutes after that. I decide to do this to avoid shocking the system and hopefully have a smoother come-up. Nausea is already noted before I even have taken the second pile. It is not that bad though. I watch YouTube to distract myself as I wait to dose. by 6 pm I am done dosing and am dealing with an anticipatory comeup, alone with a slowly worsening nausea.
My attention span is very bad during this first hour and no YouTube video holds it. I decide to leave my office and go upstairs to the living room and assemble my tripping space before it gets too strong. I bring up my smoking stuff and the edibles, put on a fuzzy robe and post myself on the couch. Once upstairs I eat the entire HHC edible and the delta-8 edible. I am still going through Better Call Saul so deiced to watch a bit of it to ride the comeup of both drugs.
My attention span is crap and I am not following the show, the nausea isn't great and it makes me ponder this decision. 'Why do I do drugs?' I wonder internally (shortly later I would remember why I do drugs). I give up on trying to watch TV and decide to turn my attention to the record player. I find the record shelf confusing and I don't know what I want to listen to. I try to put on "Here come the warm jets" by Brian Eno and lay down, but I am not that into it now, the opening track feels flat in this state, and am still distracted by nausea. Then I put on "Halcyon Digest" by Deerhunter and start dancing around like a fool with my dog. Movement is gratifying the seems to actually lesson the nausea.
I keep moving between a stimulant euphoria and an anxious uneasiness. After a few songs and some more confused searching through my record collection I decide to switch to Bluetooth to avoid fiddling with records in my inebriated state. Eventually I decide to just smoke a bowl, and upon doing this the nausea is instantly gone, and the music is instantly amazing. Finally the come-up anxiety going away and the headspace is beginning to open up.
I am confronted with quite a lot of musical euphoria and I instantly remember songs from my college tripping days that I hadn't thought of in ages (e.g. 'Star Shpongled Banner', 'Cities of the Future'), along with some recent musical muses I quickly build a queue. I smoke another bowl and lay my ass down onto the couch. Over the next hour I become very impressed with DXM. Between smoking bowls and laying down to meditate I find myself drifting into state familiar from my days with ketamine and weed, maybe even state familiar from using ket on psychedelic comedowns. Music sounds '3D' if that makes any sense. If I close my eyes and meditate into the music I can lose track of my physical body; instead the mindbody frees itself into abstract visualizations which have a deep physicality to them. I have a single green incandescent lightbulb on inside an otherwise dark room. If my eyes open the height of the room seems to drift and vary. I am so fucking pleased to revisit this space of freedom and boundlessness which I recall only from mixing ketamine with weed long ago. Drifting landscapes and lots of abstract shit becomes a play in my mindbody.
Eventually some tracks from modest mouse's The Moon and Antarctica album come on and the synergy is simply astonishing. My dog becomes restless and breaks me from this trance, I am able to exit this state, which reminds me of circling around a k-hole, and walk around to attend to my dogs needs. I decide while up that the thing most needed right now was to listen to fucking shoegaze. I retrieve the album souvlaki by slowdive and throw it on the record player, smoke a fat bowl and lay back down melting away into dissociated bliss. Good god damn this is some good shit. I decide that modest mouse and slowdive were all chugging robitussin, this must be the case.
At some point the intensity dissociated state softens and I am less able to visualize and lose my body into the music. I decide to spend the rest of the night watching something. I attempt to watch Peep Show (which I used to love on k). I don't know wtf is going on with this show on dissos but it's ridiculous. I try watching Sunny, same deal. Watching these shows on moderate dose K is honestly very similar to this. Eventually I just watch Better Call Saul until 2 am and enjoy every minute.
I decided I should just go sleep, sleep came much easier than last time, and the next morning I had no headache, rather a nice afterglow and a great mood all day.
Summary:
I am very impressed with how dissociated I was able to get from a second plat DXM dose plus a heavy cannabinoid dose. It is definitely rougher on the body than ketamine by a large margin, between the nausea and some strange body load during the peak. But the high is long and has lots of different sections with a very different character. It felt like more of a classical 'trip' than does ketamine, with comeup anxiety, a stimulating and eurphoric early peak which made dancing fun, a deeper-than-expected peak of dissociation in the middle, followed long gentle comedown with some similarities to an opiate high.
It is amazing that such a wild drug is an OTC cough medicine, I honestly didn't think some of this territory would be accessible until the third plateau. I am definitely interested to see what a higher dose is like, but I can see how that would be a pretty intense experience. I can imagine how that state I was in would develop once more immersive due to total anesthetization, I could imagine the psychedelic element enhanced as well at a higher dose.
If you're an adult dissociative fan who has happened to never try DXM I think it's worth a try. It is undeserving of its reputation as a trashy drug, sometimes I see people compare it to DPH abuse. However it is clear to me that this is one to be very careful to avoid losing the magic. As such I think I will stay away from high doses try to keep it very rare. It would suck if this lost its power. A long-ass dissociative high available at the corner store for cheap. What a wild world we live in.
-WupTeDo

so about 3 days ago, i started to have a sore throat. i started taking emergen-c and pastilles. it got worst that night and i felt feverish but i dont feel hot. granted, i never checked my temperature. after that, i started taking theraflu every 4-6 hours. today, i feel much better. i would say from 40% i am now at 65%. the feverish feeling has gone away a little bit but its the cough and itchy throat im worried about now. i also sneeze a lot.
also, i did a pcr test yesterday for covid and this moring the test results came back negative.
i just bought a mucinex cough syrup and i was wondering can i take this for my cough symptoms and for my feverish symtoms can i continue taking theraflu since its not completely gone away? im planning to take them together every 4 hours, would that be safe.
they both contain dextromethorphan hbr and phenylephrine hci. so i just wanna make sure.
i dont have any existing conditions. ive been vaccinated twice for covid but no boosters yet. its also been more than a year since my last flu shot i believe.
tysm!

For example, 200mg of dxm from robocough gona hit the same as 200mg from a different brand/syrup?
Forgot to mention: considering they're both the same type of dxm (Hbr)

I'm just rambling here, but man I'm hoping those HBr tablets will be comparable to the syrups. I have a really hard time downing the syrups here, but I make do. That being said, the chemists are no longer restocking the good stuff and I can't really turn to Freebase. Freebase is nothing like HBr for me and I find that Freebase leaves me feeling uncomfortable, cold, and twitchy.
I love HBr for the intensive closed-eye visuals it gives me. I'm taken to a whole new world in the perspective of another. I feel so euphoric, so blissful, so energetic and talkative with the right people, too.